基于数学解析法的油纸绝缘参数辨识研究

现阶段变压器油纸绝缘等效弛豫机构参数辨识多采用拓扑支路数任意假定、粒子群等智能算法对 N组非线性方程组寻优迭代计算。其计算往往具有收敛性差、结果不唯一等问题,且难以从介质响应函数特性分析真实的油纸绝缘弛豫过程,影响后续弛豫参数对老化评估的准确性。基于此,提出一种应用数学解析法的变压器油纸绝缘弛豫机构参数辨识新方法。首先,从介质响应函数特性出发,深入挖掘弛豫项数信息,辨识油纸绝缘等效弛豫机构的拓扑结构;其次,公式推演得到参数辨识的数学计算公式,避免了智能算法对非线性方程组的寻优误差与不唯一性;最后,通过实例验证该方法的有效性与可行性,提出的数学解析法可为变压器油纸绝缘介质内部弛豫响应特性提供可靠的数学分析模型。     

古代丝织品老化机理及其保护研究

阐述了古代丝织品的老化机理，并指出丝织品的老化实质是蛋白质的降解过程。介绍了目前对丝织品进行人工老化研究的方法以及对化丝织品的研究手段；综述了影响古代丝织品老化的因素及其保护方法。     

交联聚乙烯电缆水树枝修复技术研究

针对交联聚乙烯电缆水树枝老化的问题,介绍电缆水树枝形成和发展的过程,分析电缆水树枝修复技术的原理、修复液注入工艺和研究现状,提出该技术应用中需要解决的关键问题.     

基于电导电流测试的硅橡胶复合绝缘子伞群材料老化特性分析

为利用电导电流测试手段探究复合绝缘子伞群材料的老化特性,以现场运行的复合绝缘子为试验对象进行研究。通过电导电流测试得到相关试样的电老化阈值,探究了伞群位置、运行年限、环境污秽及运行电压等级等因素对硅橡胶材料电导电流特性的影响规律,并利用傅里叶红外光谱技术分析了相关基团的变化情况。试验表明,绝缘子串上场强分布高的位置、运行年限较长的绝缘子及运行地区环境污秽严重的绝缘子,其伞群材料的电老化阈值较低、电导电流较大且内部陷阱数量较多;运行电压等级对绝缘子老化程度的影响较小。利用电老化阈值评估伞群试样的老化状态与傅里叶红外光谱分析结果具有高度的一致性,表明通过硅橡胶伞群材料的电导电流测试得到的电老化阈值,可以反映复合绝缘子伞群材料的老化特性。     

700℃高温短时时效对ZG12Cr9Mo1Co1NiVNbNB铁素体耐热钢显微组织的影响

为了了解ZG12Cr9Mo1Co1NiVNbNB铁素体耐热钢在高温使用过程中的组织演化规律,本文采用透射电子显微镜和能谱仪等先进手段研究了高温时效对该钢组织的影响。研究结果表明：在700℃时效100h后,该钢的基体组织主要由马氏体板条,大量位错和析出相组成;析出相主要是Fe(Cr, Mo)23C6、VC、Fe2Mo型Laves相;大尺寸的Fe(Cr, Mo)23C6型碳化物主要分布于马氏体板条界和原奥氏体晶界,细小的VC型碳氮化物主要分布于基体, 且析出相的数量增加;在高温时效过程中,Fe(Cr, Mo)23C6的尺寸增大。VC颗粒尺寸变化不大,热稳定性比Fe(Cr, Mo)23C6好。     

Age effects on social cognition: Faces tell a different story.

The authors administered social cognition tasks to younger and older adults to investigate age-related differences in social and emotional processing. Although slower, older adults were as accurate as younger adults in identifying the emotional valence (i.e., positive, negative, or neutral) of facial expressions. However, the age difference in reaction time was largest for negative faces. Older adults were significantly less accurate at identifying specific facial expressions of fear and sadness. No age differences specific to social function were found on tasks of self-reference, identifying emotional words, or theory of mind. Performance on the social tasks in older adults was independent of performance on general cognitive tasks (e.g., working memory) but was related to personality traits and emotional awareness. Older adults also showed more intercorrelations among the social tasks than did the younger adults. These findings suggest that age differences in social cognition are limited to the processing of facial emotion. Nevertheless, with age there appears to be increasing reliance on a common resource to perform social tasks, but one that is not shared with other cognitive domains. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Age and individual differences in prospective memory during a "Virtual Week": The roles of working memory, vigilance, task regularity, and cue focality.

Young (ages 18–22 years) and older (ages 61–87 years) adults (N = 106) played the Virtual Week board game, which involves simulating common prospective memory (PM) tasks of everyday life (e.g., taking medication), and performed working memory (WM) and vigilance tasks. The Virtual Week game includes regular (repeated) and irregular (nonrepeated) PM tasks with cues that are either more or less focal to other ongoing activities. Age differences in PM were reduced for repeated tasks, and performance improved over the course of the week, suggesting retrieval was more spontaneous or habitual. Correlations with WM within each age group were reduced for PM tasks that had more regular or focal cues. WM (but not vigilance) ability was a strong predictor of irregular PM tasks with less focal cues. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that habitual and focally cued PM tasks are less demanding of attentional resources (specifically, WM), whereas tasks that are more demanding of controlled attentional processes produce larger age differences, which may be attributable to individual differences in WM. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

金红石型纳米TiO2在聚丙烯塑料中的抗老化应用研究

以金红石纳米TiO2为抗老化添加剂改性了PP材料,采用TEM、XRD、UV-VIS等测试手段分析了纳米TiO2的性能特征,用氙灯耐气候试验机人工加速了PP材料的老化降解,对比分析了纯PP和改性PP老化期间力学性能的变化规律,用SEM分析了PP材料的断口表面形貌及纳米TiO2的分散情况。研究结果表明,纳米TiO2及其复合材料对PP材料有增韧增强作用,并能赋予改性材料优异的耐候性能,延长PP制品的使用寿命。     

时效处理对粉末高温合金惯性摩擦焊接头室温拉伸行为的影响

对惯性摩擦焊扩散连接的FGH96合金试样经时效处理前后的室温拉伸行为进行了研究,并对其失效机制进行了评估.结果表明,对于焊接态(原状态)FGH96合金试样,由于焊缝区和热影响区的γ'相综合强化效果弱,晶界平直化,导致焊缝区和热影响区的强度低于基体,在室温拉伸过程中塑性应变量大:由于热影响区的晶粒尺寸大,晶界强化效果弱,...     

水泥材料的老化及其对Pu的迁移阻滞性能的影响

采用干湿交替加热的方式对水泥进行了加速老化,以模拟高放废物水泥固化材料的缓慢自然老化过程。通过动态柱实验的方法,研究了水泥的老化过程对239 Pu迁移过程的影响。结果表明,随着老化时间的加长,水泥材料的比表面积和孔隙率减小,碱性减弱,吸附阻滞Pu迁移的能力降低。然而,老化的水泥材料仍然具有很强的阻滞Pu迁移的能力,如老化15d后,Pu通过水泥柱的回收率仍小于2.5%。