Thermodynamic studies on the complete phase diagram of aqueous two phase system containing polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether 2000 and di-potassium hydrogen phosphate at different temperatures

The liquid-liquid equilibrium of polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether 2000 (PEGDME₂₀₀₀)+K₂HPO₄+H₂O system has been determined experimentally at T=(298.15,303.15,308.15 and 318.15) K. The liquid-solid and complete phase diagram of this system was also obtained at T=(298.15 and 308.15) K. A nonlinear temperature dependent equation was successfully used for the correlation of the experimental binodal data. Furthermore, a temperature dependent Setschenow-type equation was successfully used for the correlation of the tie-lines of the studied system. Moreover, the effect of temperature on the binodal curves and the tie-lines for the investigated aqueous two-phase system have been studied. Also, the free energies of cloud points for this system and some previously studied systems containing PEGDME₂₀₀₀ were calculated from which it was concluded that the increase of the entropy is the driving force for formation of aqueous two-phase systems. Additionally, the calculated free energies for phase separation of the studied systems were used to investigate the salting-out ability of the salts having different anions. Furthermore, the complete phase diagram of the investigated system was compared with the corresponding phase diagrams of previously studied systems, in which the PEGDME₂₀₀₀ has been used, in order to obtain some information regarding the phase behavior of these PEGDME₂₀₀₀+salt+water systems.     

A new dynamic hydrogen reference electrode for applications in thin-film sensor systems

The realization and applicability of a new dynamic hydrogen reference electrode (DHRE) within an electrochemical microcell for sensor applications is reported. The electrodes are fabricated in thin-film technology and fixed within a flow-through device. An experimental setup for accurate electrochemical potential measurements is described. Smooth platinum, platinized platinum and pHEMA coated electrodes are investigated with regard to their initialization behavior, stability, reproducibility and interference with electrolytes. It is found that platinized platinum DHREs show excellent stability and reproducibility. For uncoated electrodes, the electrochemical potential is established within seconds. The potential is independent of the pH value within the range of pH 4–10. Interference with sulfate and phosphate is observed. Thus, the platinized platinum DHRE is well suited for bioanalytical sensor applications, where the pH value is buffered and the concentrations of the disturbing anions are constant or very low.     

液氢管路绝热设计与效果分析

通过总结液氢管路绝热设计和使用的经验,着重分析了夹层气体压强与漏热和表观导热系数以及气体压强回升与时间的定量关系,提出了工程设计中绝热性能及真空寿命的确定方法.     

中空纤维膜氢回收系统在制氢装置的应用

简述了中空纤维膜分离原理、开车步骤，分析了中空纤维膜氢回收系统标定数据，指出存在的问题，并进一步对比分析了加氢干气直接作为制氢原料和用中空纤维膜氢回收系统的非渗透气作为制氢原料的优缺点．     

高流速下钯上氢氘的排代研究

在钯氘化物上进行了高流速下氢氘的排代实验。结果表明，氘的排代效率随排代时间的增大而增加；与低压、低流速相比，高流速下排代压力的增加部分弥补了流速增大对氢氘交换速率的影响，因此仍可以得到较高的氘回收率。     

快淬贮氢合金的活化性能与寿命

主要讨论了快淬钛基合金具有良好活化性能及较差循环寿命的机理。研究结果表明:快淬钛基合金电极浸泡在碱液中,合金元素V、Zr、Ti、Mn、Ni以不同速度溶解,其中Ni的溶解速度最慢,使合金电极表面富Ni。富Ni电极表面具有良好的动力学性能,快淬钛基贮氢合金的放电容量急剧衰退与损失大量可吸氢的V、Zr元素密切相关。     

铅基板栅合金综合性能探析

在Pb-Ca-Sn-Al合金的基础上尝试添加第五种合金元素，测试其电化学性能，并在理论上讨论了其性能提高的原因。     

高能球磨LaNi5-34%(质量分数)Mg的相组成与热稳定性能

采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、差热分析(DTA)等方法研究了高能球磨及热处理等对新型合金LaNi5-34％(质量分数)Mg的相组成、形貌及热稳定性能等的影响。结果表明：经100r／min球磨100h及190r／min球磨100h后,样品由La、Mg、Ni等非晶。微量的晶体Ni和MgNi2相组成,所得粉末的形状大多为规则的球形或近球形,其颗粒直径范围为0．05～33．0μm。球磨样品具有较好的室温活化特性，其最大电化学放电容量为460mAh／g。该样品经763K保温35d后，得到热稳定性较好的具有纳米尺度的MgNi2、Mg2Ni、Mg2NiLa三相组织，其平均晶粒直径为21.3nm。     

甲烷制备高纯度氢气的实验研究

对甲烷制备可供质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)用的高纯度氢气进行了实验研究，得出了不同蒸汽／碳比值时甲烷的转化率、不同过量空气系数对制备气体成分的影响、不同压差时氢气在选择性膜中的渗透率以及不同系统压力对氢气反应焓的影响规律．研究结果表明，在蒸汽与甲烷中的碳比例一定时，蒸汽重整反应器内的反应速率和它出口处CO的浓度，随甲烷的流量的增加而提高．提高甲烷蒸汽重整系统的工作温度和压力，可以提高甲烷的转化率，在S／C比值不变的情况下，仅提高温度可提高甲烷的转化率约10％；而将工作压力由0．1MPa提高到0．6MPa，甲烷的转化率提高约21％．甲烷的理论转化率为84．6％，本文实验研究中的最大实际转化率为78．03％，实验研究系统的系统完善度为92．23％，说明该系统还有待完善之处，还可以进一步提高甲烷的转化率．增大PEMFC中选择性膜两侧的压差或提高氢气的纯度，均利于提高氢气混合物的渗透率．该研究为制备符合PEMFC使用条件的氢气提供了可靠依据，同时为综合利用煤层气提供了新的途径。     

H_2S·HO_2氢键配合物的量子化学研究

用B3LYP/6 31 1 + +G 方法研究了H2 S与HO2 自由基之间的氢键。发现了三个能量极小点。同时做了H2 S·HO2 的振动频率分析。计算预测了能量整体最小点的构型为带有 2个扭曲的氢键的五元环结构