碳酸钙晶须与碳纤维混杂增强油井水泥石力学性能

针对油井水泥石易脆裂而造成油气井层间封隔失效的问题,通过实验研究了碳纤维、碳酸钙晶须及二者混杂对油井水泥石力学性能的影响,利用扫描电镜观察了水泥石微观形貌,并探讨混杂纤维增强水泥石的作用机理。实验结果表明:碳纤维、碳酸钙晶须及两者混杂纤维均能有效提高水泥石的抗压、抗折和劈裂抗拉强度;相对于单掺1种纤维,混杂纤维对水泥石的增强效果更好;混杂纤维水泥石具有明显的韧性,且混杂纤维显著提高了水泥石的力学形变能力。观察水泥石微观形貌和分析混杂纤维增韧机理后发现:碳酸钙晶须和碳纤维具有不同的尺寸、形貌和性能,能够在不同结构层次和荷载阶段发挥作用,控制微裂纹或裂缝的产生和发展,改善水泥石的强度和韧性。图20表5参27     

Enamel alteration following tooth bleaching and remineralization

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of professional tooth whitening agents containing highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide (with and without laser activation), on the enamel surface; and the potential of four different toothpastes to remineralize any alterations. The study was performed on 50 human molars, divided in two groups: treated with Opalescence^® Boost and Mirawhite^® Laser Bleaching. Furthermore, each group was divided into five subgroups, a control one and 4 subgroups remineralized with: Mirasensitive^® hap+, Mirawhite^® Gelle?, GC Tooth Mousse? and Mirafluor^® C. The samples were analysed by SEM/3D‐SEM‐micrographs, SEM/EDX‐qualitative analysis and SEM/EDX‐semiquantitative analysis. The microphotographs show that both types of bleaching cause alterations: emphasized perikymata, erosions, loss of interprizmatic substance; the laser treatment is more aggressive and loss of integrity of the enamel is determined by shearing off the enamel rods. In all samples undergoing remineralization deposits were observed, those of toothpastes based on calcium phosphate technologies seem to merge with each other and cover almost the entire surface of the enamel. Loss of integrity and minerals were detected only in the line‐scans of the sample remineralized with GC Tooth Mousse?. The semiquantitative EDX analysis of individual elements in the surface layer of the enamel indicates that during tooth‐bleaching with HP statistically significant loss of Na and Mg occurs, whereas the bleaching in combination with a laser leads to statistically significant loss of Ca and P. The results undoubtedly confirm that teeth whitening procedures lead to enamel alterations. In this context, it must be noted that laser bleaching is more aggressive for dental substances. However, these changes are reversible and can be repaired by application of remineralization toothpastes.     

Digital light processing stereolithography of hydroxyapatite scaffolds with bone-like architecture,permeability, and mechanical properties

This work deals with the additive manufacturing and characterization of hydroxyapatite scaffolds mimicking the trabecular architecture of cancellous bone. A novel approach was proposed relying on stereolithographic technology, which builds foam-like ceramic scaffolds by using three-dimensional (3D) micro-tomographic reconstructions of polymeric sponges as virtual templates for the manufacturing process. The layer-by-layer fabrication process involves the selective polymerization of a photocurable resin in which hydroxyapatite particles are homogeneously dispersed. Irradiation is performed by a dynamic mask that projects blue light onto the slurry. After sintering, highly-porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds (total porosity ~0.80, pore size 100-800 µm) replicating the 3D open-cell architecture of the polymeric template as well as spongy bone were obtained. Intrinsic permeability of scaffolds was determined by measuring laminar airflow alternating pressure wave drops and was found to be within 0.75-1.74 × 10⁻⁹ m², which is comparable to the range of human cancellous bone. Compressive tests were also carried out in order to determine the strength (~1.60 MPa), elastic modulus (~513 MPa) and Weibull modulus (m = 2.2) of the scaffolds. Overall, the fabrication strategy used to print hydroxyapatite scaffolds (tomographic imaging combined with digital mirror device [DMD]-based stereolithography) shows great promise for the development of porous bioceramics with bone-like architecture and mass transport properties.     

Fabrication and characterization of hierarchical porous Ni2+ doped hydroxyapatite microspheres and their enhanced protein adsorption capacity

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a common bio-adsorbent, which performance depends heavily upon its morphology and microporous structure. In this study, a novel synthesis strategy was proposed for hierarchical porous HAP microspheres by a simple “one-pot” hydrothermal reaction. In the strategy, L-glutamic acid serves as soft template to modulate the morphology and inner crystalline of HAP. To evaluate the application potential, doping Ni²⁺ on hierarchical porous HAP microspheres gives metal chelated affinity adsorbents. The prepared adsorbents show a perfect spherical shape, particles size of 96.6 μm, relatively specific surface area of 48.5 m²·g^-1 and hierarchical pores (mesopores: 4 nm and macropores: 53 nm). By the adsorption evaluation, it reveals that the Ni²⁺-HAP adsorbents have high adsorption capacities of 275.11 and 97.55 m²·g^-1 for hemoglobin and bovine serum albumin, respectively, which is comparable to other similar adsorbent. Therefore, this work provides a promising method for high-efficiency hydroxyapatite microspheres for proteins purification.     

Fabrication and characterization of Si3N4 whisker-reinforced SiO2 ceramic for radome materials

Fused silica ceramic has become one of the most widely used radome materials in the world since the 1970s. But its poor mechanical properties restricted its application to some extent. To improve the mechanical properties of the fused silica ceramic and keep its characteristic for radome materials, silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) whisker-reinforced fused silica ceramics were prepared by a slip-casting method in the work. The influence of Si₃N₄ whisker contents on the properties of the slurry was studied, indicating that the preferable pH values of the slurry were 4–6 and whisker contents were 10 wt.%. The flexural strength of as-prepared Si₃N_4w/SiO₂ ceramic was about 74.35 MPa, exhibiting an increase of 7.75% over that of the pure silica sample. Its dielectric constant in the range from 8 to 12 GHz and tanδ under 10 GHz were, respectively, 3.37 and .0011. It is of great interest to find that Si₃N_4w/SiO₂ has excellent oxidization resistance and its mass maintains even at 1270°C.     

Nickel-based metal−organic framework-derived whisker-shaped nickel phyllosilicate toward efficiently enhanced mechanical,flammable and tribological properties of epoxy nanocomposites

Metal−organic framework-derived materials have attracted significant attention in the applications of functional materials. In this work, the rod-like nickel-based metal−organic frameworks were first synthesized and subsequently employed as the hard templates and nickel sources to prepare the whisker-shaped nickel phyllosilicate using a facile hydrothermal technology. Then, the nickel phyllosilicate whiskers were evaluated to enhance the mechanical, thermal, flammable, and tribological properties of epoxy resin. The results show that adequate nickel phyllosilicate whiskers can disperse well in the matrix, improving the tensile strength and elastic modulus by 13.6% and 56.4%, respectively. Although the addition of nickel phyllosilicate whiskers could not obtain any UL-94 ratings, it enhanced the difficulty in burning the resulted epoxy resin nanocomposites and considerably enhanced thermal stabilities. Additionally, it was demonstrated that such nickel phyllosilicate whiskers preferred to improve the wear resistance instead of the antifriction feature. Moreover, the wear rate of epoxy resin nanocomposites was reduced significantly by 80% for pure epoxy resin by adding 1 phr whiskers. The as-prepared nickel phyllosilicate whiskers proved to be promising reinforcements in preparing of high-performance epoxy resin nanocomposites.     

活性磷酸钙微观形貌对SAN悬浮聚合的影响

活性磷酸钙作为悬浮聚合的分散剂,在苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(SAN)聚合体系中对聚合产物形貌粒径有重要影响。对活性磷酸钙(HAP)进行扫描电镜观察,发现不同来源的HAP表面形貌有较大差异。将这几种活性磷酸钙作为分散剂用于苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(SAN)的悬浮聚合。对比聚合产物的粒子形貌及粒径分布,发现当HAP微观形貌为均匀竹叶形或棒状,且堆积松散时得到的聚合物粒子外观规整,粒径分布均匀。     

改性钛酸钾晶须增强聚氨酯跑道面层材料力学及耐久性能研究

采用偶联剂对钛酸钾晶须进行表面改性,再与甲苯二异氰酸酯、聚醚多元醇等原料制备了改性钛酸钾晶须增强聚氨酯跑道面层复合材料。考察了偶联剂种类、改性钛酸钾晶须含量对改性钛酸钾晶须增强聚氨酯复合材料力学性能和耐久性能的影响。结果表明,该材料拉伸强度达到2.9 MPa、扯断伸长率达到340%,经加速老化试验后满足田径场地规定的技术要求。     

THE WHISKER WEAVING ALGORITHM: A CONNECTIVITY-BASED METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING ALL-HEXAHEDRAL FINITE ELEMENT MESHES

This paper introduces a new algorithm called whisker weaving for constructing unstructured, all-hexahedral finite element meshes. Whisker weaving is based on the Spatial Twist Continuum (STC), a global interpretation of the geometric dual of an all-hexahedral mesh. Whisker weaving begins with a closed, all-quadrilateral surface mesh bounding a solid geometry, then constructs hexahedral element connectivity advancing into the solid. The result of the whisker weaving algorithm is a complete representation of hex mesh connectivity only: Actual mesh node locations are determined afterwards. The basic step of whisker weaving is to form a hexahedral element by crossing or intersecting dual entities. This operation, combined with seaming or joining operations in dual space, is sufficient to mesh simple block problems. When meshing more complex geometries, certain other dual entities appear such as blind chords, merged sheets, and self-intersecting chords. Occasionally specific types of invalid connectivity arise. These are detected by a general method based on repeated STC edges. This leads into a strategy for resolving some cases of invalidities immediately. The whisker weaving implementation has so far been successful at generating meshes for simple block-type geometries and for some non-block geometries. Mesh sizes are currently limited to a few hundred elements. While the size and complexity of meshes generated by whisker weaving are currently limited, the algorithm shows promise for extension to much more general problems.     

微弧氧化和水热合成在钛基上制备羟基磷灰石

在含有0.04mol/L的磷酸二氢钠和0.01mol/L的醋酸钙电解液中对T i进行微弧氧化,生成含Ca和P很高的氧化膜。氧化膜粗糙多孔。然后,将样品放在220℃的高压釜中进行4h的水热处理,羟基磷灰石晶体在氧化膜表面沉积。用XRD检测氧化膜的晶体结构,用XPS研究氧化膜表面的化学成份,用SEM-EDS观察样品表面形貌。