基于非接触给电的高主轴转速微细电火花加工特性研究

在实现非接触给电的微细电火花加工的基础上,分别研究了圆柱电极和削边电极的主轴转速对材料去除率及电极损耗的影响。结果表明:无论是圆柱电极还是削边电极,随着主轴转速的提高,材料去除率增加,电极损耗率降低;且在削边电极的情况下,主轴转速的提高对于材料去除率和电极损耗率的改善更明显。     

复合矿物纤维增强低树脂基摩擦材料性能研究

以复合矿物纤维为主要增强纤维,采用一次热压成型技术,制备出不同复合矿物纤维含量的低树脂基摩擦材料,利用洛氏硬度计测量其洛氏硬度、定速式摩擦试验机测试其摩擦磨损性能,探究复合矿物纤维含量对低树脂基摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能的影响;采用扫描电子显微镜观察磨损表面的微观形貌,进行磨损机制的探讨。结果表明:复合矿物纤维能显著提高低树脂基摩擦材料的摩擦因数,且适当复合矿物纤维含量的低树脂基摩擦材料具有良好的摩擦热稳定性,但在高温试验下,过多的复合矿物纤维会使低树脂基摩擦材料出现严重的热衰退现象;随着复合矿物纤维含量的增多,洛氏硬度硬度先平稳后下降,摩擦因数呈先升后降状态,磨损率先平稳缓慢增加,后剧烈增加。SEM分析表明,在高温试验下,随着复合矿物纤维含量的升高,低树脂基摩擦材料的磨损形式逐渐从黏着磨损和磨粒磨损转化为热分解磨损、脆性脱落和磨粒磨损。     

Effects of microstructure and strength on wear performance in rough milling of austempered ductile iron

The machinability of various grades of austempered ductile iron (ADI) has been investigated for rough milling operations. ADI 900, ADI 1050 and ADI 1200 grades were commercially produced, commercially heat treated and machined under controlled conditions using coated carbide inserts with coolant in the laboratory. The milling performance of the various grades was compared to that of AISI/SAE 4340 with similar hardness. In this study, machinability characteristics relative to wear rate (ISO 8688-2) and machining forces were measured and related to initial microstructure and properties. These preliminary results have been used to establish initial rough milling machining guidelines for machining ADI with coated carbide milling inserts.     

热处理工艺对45＃钢抗苜蓿草粉的磨损性能影响

苜蓿草粉对环模系统的磨粒磨损是造成饲料制粒机关键部件失效的主要原因。为提高环模系统关键部件材料的抗磨粒磨损性能,采用不同热处理工艺对45#钢热处理,在磨粒磨损试验机上考察其抗苜蓿草粉的磨损行为,用金相显微镜对试样的金相组织进行分析研究,用扫描电镜对试样摩擦表面的磨损形貌进行观察研究。结果表明：经淬火处理后45#钢的磨损主要表现为显微切削和机械抛光,未见明显的塑性疲劳;当材料的硬度提升至一定值时,通过硬度与韧度的合理配合可获得较好的抗植物磨料磨损性能;相对于常温淬火,45#钢亚温淬火后抗植物磨料磨损性能明显提升。     

丁腈橡胶三体湿磨粒磨损中砂粒运动的有限元分析

为研究砂粒在丁腈橡胶三体湿磨粒磨损中的作用机制,利用Abaqus有限元分析软件模拟丁腈橡胶在原油介质三体湿磨粒磨损中尖形和圆形砂粒在不同载荷作用下的运动方式,并探讨橡胶表面的受力变形。利用往复式磨损试验机在与有限元模拟计算相同的条件下进行丁腈橡胶在的三体湿磨粒磨损试验,并结合磨痕表面形貌分析,验证建立的有限元模型的正确性。结果表明,在所研究的载荷范围内,圆形砂粒的运动主要是以滚动为主,对表面的切削较弱,材料表面变形较小;而尖形砂粒在载荷较大时由滚动变为滑动,砂粒前端嵌入橡胶表面产生犁削作用,材料变形程度较大。磨损试验与有限元模拟结果符合较好。     

Application of titanium machining chips in welding consumables for wear-resistant hardfacing

Equipment of sugar cane plants and mineral extraction are submitted to severe abrasive wear conditions. Welded hardfacings are usually applied to repair this kind of damage, where commercial chromium/carbon-rich welding consumables have usually been employed. In the present work we investigated the microstructure of experimental hardfacings made by addition of residues (chips) collected from the machining of ASTM F67 (unalloyed Ti, grade 4) alloy. Mixtures with different carbide-formers (Cr/Nb ferro-alloys) were also tested. Two layers of ‘pure’ chips (Ti), chips plus Fe–Cr (Ti–Cr), and chips plus Fe–Nb (Ti–Nb) were applied on low-carbon steel specimens by the GTAW/TIG process. The microstructure of hardfacing layers was observed by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with EDS microanalysis. The microstructural characterization has determined that carbide distributions change significantly with the chemical nature of the hardfacing. SEM observations coupled with EDS microanalysis have confirmed the formation of complex carbides within the metal weld, whose stoichiometry was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Mixed carbides of MC type and some cementite have been found. As a result it was suggested that use of ASTM F67 chips as carbide formers for composition of welding consumables can contribute to improved wear resistance of hardfacings, if compared with traditional chromium-based hardfacings.     

Welding of medium-carbon structural steel

The optimum filler material was selected and the technological and mechanical properties and structure welded joints are investigated.     

Evaluation of mass loss of weld-deposited hardfacing with cored wire Ti-FeCrC alloy

In this article, we have studied the mass loss of hardfacing applied by flux-cored arc welding. Heat input, shielding gas and number of layers of coating were changed to application of Fe–Cr–Ti–C self-shielded tubular wire. Overlapping beads were deposited on plates of carbon steel AISI 1020 to analyse the mass loss, hardness and microstructure. For the analysis of mass loss, beads were deposited forming overlapping layers of coatings. Hardness measurements were performed on the surface of the specimens of wear. A rubber wheel abrasion tester was used to access the mass loss of coatings. The coatings had retained austenite and martensite microstructure with carbides finely dispersed in the matrix. The main factors that contributed to the increase in mass loss were the cracks due to higher cooling rate of the samples deposited with low heat input, the dilution in the first layer of all samples also contributed to the increase in mass loss. The smallest mass losses were those deposited coatings with high heat input, the second and fourth layers, the samples AC2, AC4 and AS2. The volume fraction of titanium carbides contributed to the decrease in the mean free path between the particles of carbides and increased the wear resistance of the coatings.     

基于响应面法的C75S弹簧钢冲裁工艺参数优化

以C75S高强度弹簧钢作为研究对象,运用Deform-2D软件对板料冲裁过程进行数值仿真,基于响应面法对C75S弹簧钢的冲裁工艺参数进行优化。借助中心设计组合法设计冲裁试验,并建立了工艺参数与模具最大磨损深度之间的响应面模型,通过分析得知:模具刃口圆角半径与冲裁速度对凸模磨损的交互式影响最大;模具刃口圆角半径与冲裁间隙的交互式影响次之;冲裁速度与冲裁间隙的交互式影响最小。利用Design Expert软件得出最优的冲裁工艺方案为:模具刃口圆角半径为1.84t,冲裁速度为7.60 mm·s-1,冲裁间隙为13.23%t,凸模的磨损深度为4.02×10-6mm。此外,借助冲压模具进行冲裁试验,利用毛刺高度间接验证模具的磨损,试验值与响应面法优化值之间的相对误差为14.19%,两者保持较好的吻合性,从而为板料冲裁模具磨损的优化提供了一种有效方法。     

基于BP神经网络的传力片冲裁凸模磨损仿真预测

以离合器盖总成中的传力片作为研究对象,借助Deform-3D仿真软件模拟了传力片冲裁过程中的凸模磨损情况,依据正交仿真试验的数据以及BP人工神经网络对传力片冲裁凸模的磨损量进行仿真预测。将冲裁间隙、凹模刃口圆角半径与冲裁速度作为BP神经网络的输入层,将冲裁凸模的最大磨损深度作为BP神经网络的输出层,建立3-12-1的3层BP神经网络。BP神经网络通过训练之后,仿真预测的最大误差为1.14%。基于正交试验的仿真数据对BP神经网络的性能进行检验,BP神经网络的仿真预测值与数值模拟值之间的误差为2.09%,并利用冲压级进模对BP神经网络的仿真预测值进行试验验证,两者之间的相对误差为8.25%,验证了BP人工神经网络应用于传力片冲裁凸模磨损仿真预测的准确性。