A novel wideband and circularly polarized cross‐dipole antenna

In this paper, we present a novel wideband circularly polarized (CP) composite, called cavity‐backed crossed dipole antenna for 2.45 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band wireless communication. To excite the CP radiation effectively, a curved‐delay line providing an orthogonal phase difference among the cross‐dipole elements is attached at corners of the sequentially rotated elements. By choosing a proper radius of the curved‐delay line, a wide input impedance of the antenna can be realized. Unlike conventional cross‐dipole antennas, the proposed cross‐dipole antenna is designed with an open stub added to the radiating arms of the dipole so that both impedance and axial ratio bandwidths are enhanced. The antenna is center‐fed by a 50‐Ω coaxial cable and is placed above a cavity‐backed reflector to obtain a directional CP radiation pattern. With the advantage of being center‐fed, a symmetric CP radiation pattern can be achieved across the entire operating bandwidth. To further improve the directivity and the radiation pattern, a rectangular cavity‐backed reflector is used. Simulated and measured results confirm that the proposed antenna has good CP characteristics. The proposed antenna obtains a broad 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth of 49% (1.20 GHz, 1.96–3.16 GHz) and an impedance bandwidth of 67.7% (1.66 GHz, 1.69–3.35 GHz) for reflection coefficient (S₁₁) ≦ −10 dB. It also yields an average CP gain of 9.2 dBic across the operating bandwidth and a peak CP gain of 10 dBic. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Corrosion performance of high pressure die-cast Al-6Si-3Ni and Al-6Si-3Ni-2Cu alloys in aqueous NaCl solution

The corrosion performance of high pressure die-cast Al-6Si-3Ni (SN63) and Al-6Si-3Ni-2Cu (SNC632) alloys in 3.5% (mass fraction) NaCl solution was investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and microstructural studies revealed the presence of single phase Si and binary Al₃Ni/Al₃Ni₂ phases along the grain boundary. Besides, the single Cu phase was also identified at the grain boundaries of the SNC632 alloy. Electrochemical corrosion results revealed that, the SNC632 alloy exhibited nobler shift in corrosion potential (?_corr), lower corrosion current density (J_corr) and higher corrosion resistance compared to the SN63 alloy. Equivalent circuit curve fitting analysis of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results revealed the existence of two interfaces between the electrolyte and substrate. The surface layer and charge transfer resistance (R_ct) of the SNC632 alloy was higher than that of the SN63 alloy. Immersion corrosion test results also confirmed the lower corrosion rate of the SNC632 alloy and substantiated the electrochemical corrosion results. Cu addition improved the corrosion resistance, which was mainly attributed to the absence of secondary Cu containing intermetallic phases in the SNC632 alloy and Cu presented as single phase.     

纳米微粒增强水性无铬锌铝合金涂层的制备及其性能

针对水性无铬锌铝合金涂层硬度低的问题,采用向涂液中添加硬质纳米颗粒的方法分别制备了SiO_2、TiO_2、ZnO、Al_2O_3和TiC纳米颗粒增强锌铝合金涂层,利用显微硬度测试和Tafel曲线研究纳米颗粒种类及含量(质量分数)对涂层硬度和腐蚀性能的影响,并采用电化学阻抗谱技术研究优化涂层的电化学腐蚀行为。结果表明:在不影响涂层腐蚀性能前提下,添加1%纳米ZnO的锌铝合金涂层综合性能最好,显微硬度从132.8 HV_(0.025)提高到175.0 HV_(0.025),而自腐蚀电流密度仅从3.124μA/cm~2增至3.157μA/cm~2。纳米ZnO增强涂层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀过程经历4个阶段:一是初期涂层本身的屏蔽作用;二是涂层中金属粉的活化腐蚀阶段;三是腐蚀介质到达涂层-基体界面时涂层的阴极保护作用;四是后期腐蚀产物的物理屏蔽作用。     

Corrosion protection of molybdate doped polypyrrole film prepared in succinic acid solution

ABSTRACT

Polypyrrole (PPy) was prepared on the mild steel substrate by electrochemical polymerisation in the solution containing pyrrole monomer and succinic acid. The mild steel surface could be passivated before and during electropolymerisation by molybdate. The morphology and structure of the PPy film were studied with SEM. The typical cauliflower structure of PPy was observed. Raman and IR spectroscopy showed that the obtained PPy was in an oxidised state. The thermal stability of PPy was investigated by the thermal gravimetric analysis, showing that PPy was stable at higher than 480°C. The electrochemical property of the PPy film was performed by open circuit potential, polarisation curves (I/E), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The corrosion behaviour of mild steel (CT3) with PPy film in solution NaCl 3% was studied.

This paper is part of a supplementary issue from the 17th Asia-Pacific Corrosion Control Conference (APCCC-17).     

温度对P110钢在水泥挤出液中钝化膜性能的影响

目的 探究P110套管钢在不同温度下生成的钝化膜的性能差异,找到能使P110套管钢生成最稳定钝化膜的温度,同时了解该温度下氯离子对钝化膜的破坏规律。方法 利用极化曲线、交流阻抗谱（EIS）和Mott-Schottky测试,研究了P110套管钢材料在pH值为13.0的水泥挤出液中浸泡4 d的钝化行为,讨论了在低、中、高（40、65、90 ℃）三种温度下生成的钝化膜的稳定性,并用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对各试样表面微观形貌进行观察。最后在溶液中加入不同浓度的氯离子,通过测试极化曲线了解氯离子对钝化膜的破坏规律。结果 试样在40、65、90 ℃下的腐蚀电流密度分别为2.2727×10?6、4.0452×10?7、1.7081× 10?5 A/cm2,膜电阻分别为100 100、238 200、5480 Ω?cm2。40、65 ℃下所生成的钝化膜呈p型半导体特征,而90 ℃下呈双极型半导体特征。65 ℃下,随着氯离子浓度的增加,试样的腐蚀电位负移,耐蚀性逐渐降低,腐蚀速率增大,当浓度达到0.1 mol/L时,钝化膜的膜层结构已被破坏。结论 P110套管钢在pH值为13.0的水泥挤出液中浸泡4 d,表面能够生成钝化膜。在65 ℃溶液中生成的钝化膜耐蚀性最好,膜层结构更加致密,40 ℃次之,90 ℃最差。氯离子对钝化膜有侵蚀作用,高浓度的氯离子可以直接导致稳定钝化膜的破坏。     

Corrosion resistance of poly p-phenylenediamine conducting polymer coated 316L SS bipolar plates for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

The usage of conducting polymers as coating materials for bipolar plates to prevent corrosion is the recent trend in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) technology. Paraphenylenediamine (pPD) monomer was electropolymerized to poly p-phenylenediamine (PpPD) over 316L SS. The characterization of PpPD, the conducting polymer coating, over 316L SS was done using attenuated total reflectance infra-red (ATR-IR) spectroscopy to confirm the formation of PpPD. The surface morphology and topography were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The corrosion protection performance of the coating was evaluated using open circuit potential (OCP) measurement, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization studies in PEMFC environment. EIS studies revealed that the charge transfer resistance for the coated substrates has increased by one order of magnitude than the bare substrate. Potentiodynamic polarization studies have registered lower corrosion current density by one order magnitude for the 0.06 M pPD coated substrate than the bare substrate and the polarization resistance values for the coated substrates have increased by two and a half time than the bare substrate. These results showed that PpPD coated substrates exhibited enhanced corrosion resistance in PEMFC environment.     

基于Profibus-DP总线分析器的高速数据采集系统

提出了一种基于Profibus-DP总线分析器的高速数据采集系统实现方案。采用FPGA定制化的通信控制器来实现分析器的功能需求和实时性要求,设计了数据采集系统的硬件电路,并给出了软件的总体设计流程。实验测试结果表明,系统结构灵活,抗干扰能力强,能够很好地完成高速数据采集系统的要求。     

AA3流动分析仪检测地表水总氰的可行性研究

总氰是一个重要的水质指标,该文旨在研究AA3流动分析检测总氰的稳定性与准确性。通过采用AA3流动分析测定了总氰标准物质、地表水样、加标水样,结果表明,AA3流动分析仪的测定结果稳定性高、准确性好。同时,将AA3法与国标法的测定结果进行比较显示,当样品浓度大于仪器检出限(0.000 5 mg/L)时,AA3法和国标法的结果没有明显差异。综上所述,AA3流动分析仪对总氰的测定具有高准确度和高精密度以及更低检出限等优点。     

Evaluation of Some Nonionic Surfactants Derived From Vanillin as Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel During Drilling Processes

Four eco‐friendly nonionic surfactants based on vanillin were investigated as corrosion inhibitors against carbon steel dissolution during the drilling process in the oil field. The corrosion inhibition efficiencies of the tested compounds were determined using weight loss, electrochemical polarization, and electrochemical impedance techniques. The data obtained show that the nonionic surfactants prevent the corrosion of drilling tools and their inhibition efficiency increased with an increase in their concentration. Tafel curves revealed that the surfactants under study act as mixed inhibitors. The adsorption of the inhibitors on carbon steel surface decreases the double‐layer capacitance. The inhibition efficiencies of the surfactants were influenced by their chemical structure and surface activity.     

变压器供电系统电动机启动电压降计算

简介与变压器供电系统电机启动电压计算有关的参数和概念;运用"功率法"和"阻抗法"对工程案例进行计算;对工程设计中常遇到的问题进行讨论。