Equivalent model of multi-type distributed generators under faults with fast-iterative calculation method based on improved PSO algorithm

There are various types of distributed generators (DGs) with diferent grid integration strategies. The transient char? acteristics of the fault currents provided by the DGs are diferent to those of conventional synchronous generators. In this paper, a distribution network with multi-type DGs is investigated, including consideration of DG low-voltage ride through (LVRT). The fault current characteristics of two typical DGs, i.e. an inverter-interfaced distributed generator (IIDG) and a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), are analyzed, considering the specifc operation modes. Based on analysis of the fault characteristics, an equivalent model of the multi-type DGs under symmetrical/asymmetrical fault conditions is established. A fast-iterative fault calculation method for enhancing the calculation efciency while avoid? ing local convergence is then proposed using an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. A simula? tion system of the distribution network with multi-type DGs is established in PSCAD/EMTDC. The simulation results validate the high accuracy and calculation efciency of the proposed calculation method of the fault components. This can assist in the settings of the protection threshold.     

Damping forced oscillations in power system via interline power flow controller with additional repetitive control

With the continuous expansion of power systems and the application of power electronic equipment, forced oscillation has become one of the key problems in terms of system safety and stability. In this paper, an interline power flow controller (IPFC) is used as a power suppression carrier and its mechanism is analyzed using the linearized state-space method to improve the system damping ratio. It is shown that although the IPFC can suppress forced oscillation with well-designed parameters, its capability of improving the system damping ratio is limited. Thus, combined with the repetitive control method, an additional repetitive controller (ARC) is proposed to further dampen the forced power oscillation. The ARC control scheme is characterized by outstanding tracking performance to a system steady reference value, and the main IPFC controller with the ARC can provide higher damping, and further reduce the amplitude of oscillations to zero compared with a supplementary damping controller (SDC). Simulation results show that the IPFC with an ARC can not only greatly reduce the oscillation amplitude, but also actively output the compensation power according to the reference value of the ARC tracking system.     

Magic Peptide: Unique Properties of the LRR11 Peptide in the Activation of Leukotriene Synthesis in Human Neutrophils

Neutrophil-mediated innate host defense mechanisms include pathogen elimination through bacterial phagocytosis, which activates the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) product synthesis. Here, we studied the effect of synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs), which mimic the receptor-recognized sites of bacterial (CpG-ODNs) and genomic (G-rich ODNs) DNAs released from the inflammatory area, on the neutrophil functions after cell stimulation with Salmonella typhimurium. A possible mechanism for ODN recognition by Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and RAGE receptor has been proposed. We found for the first time that the combination of the magic peptide LRR11 from the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) of TLR9 with the CpG-ODNs modulates the uptake and signaling from ODNs, in particular, dramatically stimulates 5-LOX pathway. Using thickness shear mode acoustic method, we confirmed the specific binding of CpG-ODNs, but not G-rich ODN, to LRR11. The RAGE receptor has been shown to play an important role in promoting ODN uptake. Thus, FPS-ZM1, a high-affinity RAGE inhibitor, suppresses the synthesis of 5-LOX products and reduces the uptake of ODNs by neutrophils; the inhibitor effect being abolished by the addition of LRR11. The results obtained revealed that the studied peptide-ODN complexes possess high biological activity and can be promising for the development of effective vaccine adjuvants and antimicrobial therapeutics.     

咪唑啉缓蚀剂工艺条件优化及效果

在减缓金属腐蚀的研究中,为了缓解在酸性溶液、碱性溶液以及大气、土壤等介质中金属腐蚀较为严重的问题,对咪唑啉类缓蚀剂进行了工艺条件优化.采用静态失重法研究了碳钢在加入了缓蚀剂的盐酸溶液中的缓蚀性能.在最佳合成条件下苯甲酸与二乙烯三胺最佳摩尔比为1∶1.3,催化剂质量分数为1.2%,环化时间为1 h,咪唑啉中间体与氯化苄的最佳摩尔比为1∶1.1,季铵化反应时间为1 h,季铵化反应温度为70 ℃,缓蚀剂的最佳质量分数为1%,最终缓蚀率可以达到99.37%.     

一类负模量Kirchhoff - Carrier方程的解

利用变分方法和反证法研究了一类含有非线性项的Kirchhoff - Carrier方程,证明了当0<λ1时,该方程至少存在一对非平凡解,且当λ≥a λ₁时该方程不存在同号解.     

A New Transmit Beamforming Method for Multi-User Communication in Dual-Function Radar-Communication

This paper develops a new transmit beamforming for an integrated mechanical and electrical scanning dual-function radar-communication(DFRC) system. Differing from the related some works using beampattern sidelobe level to communication, we exploit the fact that transmit beamforming weight vector u k in direction θ and weight vector u *k in direction-θ can achieve the same spatial power distribution, and formulate a new transmit beamforming vector design problem accounting for some extra sidelobe level constraints. By doing so, the number of the transmit beamforming weight vectors and the computing demand in the multi-user communication(MUC) scenario can be reduced. Finally, the numerical examples are designed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed design strategy in comparison with the existing method.     

中国耕地细碎化的理论解析与研究框架

基于演绎推理法和文献研究法,探索耕地细碎化的概念、过程、机制和效应,并构建耕地细碎化研究框架,为耕地细碎化研究提供理论指导。结果表明:①耕地细碎化是耕地在自然-人为双重因素驱动下,耕地地块在形态上不断分割、变小,耕地产权在主体上不断细分、多元的过程,并分别表现为相互关联又有所区别的耕地景观细碎化和耕地权属细碎化; ②耕地细碎化研究应遵循“诊断-机制-效应-治理”的理论框架,耕地细碎化诊断需从形态和权属两方面构建评价指标体系,形成机制可从自然切割力、利用切割力、设施切割力和管理切割力4个方面揭示不同因素的作用机制,效应需揭示不同尺度下耕地细碎化形态和产权的趋势性转折对经济、社会和生态的影响,治理研究应按照“问题识别治理潜力治理路径保障措施”的逻辑顺序构建。     

肟交换法制备乙醛肟工艺的研究

肟交换法是一种制备乙醛肟的新兴工艺,但反应过程存在乙醛肟易被空气氧化等问题,且反应液中存在多组共沸物,分离提纯得到高纯度的乙醛肟较为困难。以丁酮肟为原料,通过向反应器内充入0.2 MPa的氮气,有效避免了乙醛肟氧化与原料乙醛、丁酮肟的挥发,乙醛肟反应选择性达96.12%。开发了产物的提纯工艺,通过Aspen Plus模拟,初步确定减压精馏分离反应液的基本流程,考察了压力、塔板数、回流比、进料位置等操作参数对分离过程的影响。在此基础上,依据模拟确定的操作参数进行实验,确定最优分离提纯工艺,得到纯度为95.33%的乙醛肟产品,收率可达94.31%。本研究可为肟交换法制备乙醛肟的工业化提供一定的指导。     

基于感知驱动的纹饰矢量图评价方法

针对构建中华文化矢量素材库过程中如何评价矢量图质量优劣的问题,提出精确性、连续性和简单性三大视觉评价指标,并进行了量化分析. 首先,对矢量图进行解析,获取矢量图的文档对象模型,遍历文档树得到矢量信息;然后,结合格式塔心理学对矢量图的视觉误差、曲线连续性和纹饰图案的复杂度进行量化;最后,提出一种基于感知驱动的传统纹饰矢量图的评价方法. 结合视觉上的启发性规则,所提评价方法可提供3个量化指标用于多任务驱动矢量化系统中矢量图的自动评价、排序和筛选. 在纹饰矢量图数据集上对算法进行了仿真实验,结果表明,对矢量图的评价结果符合主流设计的视觉审美和期望.     

焊接构造对T型接头超低周疲劳性能的影响

为了研究焊接细节对钢结构超低周疲劳性能的影响,以T型接头为对象,在通用有限元程序Abaqus平台上,开发基于Arlequin算法的结构多尺度计算程序. 利用多尺度算法,开展焊接接头的局部弹塑性有限元分析. 比较焊趾半径、厚钢板未熔透长度及焊趾表面凹凸对局部塑性应变履历的影响,利用Coffin-Manson模型对T型接头的超低周疲劳特性进行定性讨论. 数值计算结果表明,焊趾位置是焊接接头的超低周疲劳易损位置,厚钢板的未熔透长度对焊接部位局部塑性应变的影响不大;焊趾半径对焊趾局部塑性应变有较大的影响,增大焊趾半径可以有效提升钢结构在循环荷载下的超低周疲劳性能;焊趾表面的平整性是影响焊趾局部塑性应变履历的重要因素,尖锐的凹坑会明显降低焊接接头的超低周疲劳性能,磨平的焊趾表面可以减少局部塑性应变,提高接头的超低周疲劳强度.