Indentation cracking and deformation mechanism of sodium aluminoborosilicate glasses

Developing less brittle oxide glasses is a grand challenge in the field of glass science and technology, as it would pave the way toward new glass applications and limit the overall raw material usage and energy consumption. However, in order to achieve this goal, more insight into the correlation between the chemical composition and material properties is required. In this work, we focus on the mechanical properties of quaternary sodium aluminoborosilicate glasses, wherein systematic changes in glass chemistry yield different resistances to indentation crack initiation. We discuss the origin of the composition dependence of indentation cracking based on an evaluation of the deformation mechanism taking place during the indentation event. To this end, we use a simple metric, the extent of indent side length recovery upon annealing, to quantify the extent of reversible volume deformation. Finally, we also compare the compositional trend in crack initiation resistance to that in crack growth resistance (fracture toughness), showing no simple correlation among the two.     

A critical evaluation of indentation crack lengths in air

An extensive overview is presented of Vickers indentation crack lengths in ceramics in air. Measurement of such crack lengths is one of the most common and powerful assessments of the fracture properties of ceramics and the overview provides a critical evaluation of observed behavior as functions of material type and indentation load, and an extensive basis for comparison of results from new materials and analyses. The overview considers single crystals, polycrystals, transforming materials, glasses, and multiphase materials, including cermets, glass-ceramics, and tooth enamel. The coverage extends over structural and electronic ceramics, including oxides, carbides, nitrides, and titanates. The data are presented in a single format for ease of interpretation in terms of idealized indentation fracture and for inter-material comparisons; most data are unique to this work, but the results of selected studies from the published literature are included. The overview considers the precision and accuracy of crack length measurements and demonstrates a simple quantitative evaluation and ranking scheme for ceramic fracture based on load-adjusted crack length and cracking susceptibility. Indentation hardness and cracking threshold are also determined and related to the susceptibility. Material toughness is related to cracking susceptibility by fracture mechanics analyses: typical crack length measurements in air are shown to provide estimates of inert toughness with a relative uncertainty of ±50%.     

Application of a Depth Sensing Indentation Hardness Test to Evaluate the Mechanical Properties of Food Materials

ABSTRACT: A depth sensing indentation hardness test with an associated analysis is described as a convenient and simple technique for characterizing mechanical properties of food materials, such as hardness (H), elastic modulus (E), and an elasticity index (I_E), which represents the ratio of elastic to total deformation. Storage modulus (G') and loss tangent (tan§) of the selected model food material, a whey protein concentrate (WPC) gel, have also been determined using an oscillatory dynamic testing. Fractal dimension (D) and strain rate (or frequency) exponent (n) of the WPC gels were determined using both the indentation and dynamic test results. A good correlation between the results from the indentation and the dynamic tests was established. The effects of protein concentration, deformation rate, and chemical treatment on the mechanical properties of the WPC gels were clearly illustrated using the indentation test.     

三层PE热收缩带补口材料抗压性能测试研究

选取目前国内外几种典型的三层聚乙烯(PE)热收缩带补口材料产品,通过改进的压痕试验(加载压力选用5和10 MPa,试验温度选用23℃和50℃,延长加载时间至360 h)测定其压深比(压痕深度/原始厚度),讨论了结合热熔胶、试验温度、加载压力等因素对热收缩带压深比的影响,得到了能够表征目前常见PE热收缩带抗压性能的一般性规律,即高温测试条件下是否结合热熔胶对PE热收缩带的压深比影响不大,室温测试条件下结合热熔胶的PE热收缩带的压深比较高;试验温度对PE热收缩带压深比的影响最大,其次为加载压力,PE热收缩带压深比随试验温度和加载压力的升高而增加。经单个热收缩带产品的抗压性能测试验证,除加载压力对压深比的影响略大于试验温度的影响外,其余均符合所得到的一般性规律。     

压痕—淬冷法研究LaPO4-ZrO2复合陶瓷的抗热震性能

用压痕-淬冷法测定不同LaPO4含量的LaPO4-ZrO2复合陶瓷的抗热震性能,通过扫描电镜观察不同温度热震后的裂纹扩展形态。结果表明,1550℃烧结的复合陶瓷中LaPO4含量为20vol%时,临界热震温差约为400℃,比纯氧化锆陶瓷约高出150℃。弱界面的数量和尺寸对复合陶瓷的热震性有着重要的影响。适当尺寸弱界面以及LaPO4颗粒的存在使裂纹扩展阻力增大,热震裂纹在弱界面处的偏转及分叉耗散了主裂纹扩展能,从而改善了复合材料的热震性能。     

焊接挤压辊造成管体表面缺欠的处理

为了有效消除高频直缝焊管管坯外表面的压痕和划伤缺欠,结合高频焊管机组焊接挤压辊的设计特点,分析了焊接挤压辊造成管坯压痕或划伤等表面缺欠的原因,认为上挤压辊辊缘对管坯造成线状压痕或压坑、侧挤压辊辊缘对管坯造成线性压痕或月牙状划伤、下辊辊缘对管坯造成线性压痕是造成表面缺欠的主要原因。通过对焊接挤压辊造成管坯表面缺欠原因的分析,提出了相应的防止措施。     

Extracting local mechanical properties of steel bars by means of instrumented flat indentation

The evaluation of local mechanical properties of metal parts can be used for the prediction of forming and cutting forces during the following working stages. In order to show the feasibility of using indentation tests for work-piece characterization, C40 steel disks were cut from an extruded bar and machined by facing operation under different conditions. Indentation tests were carried out with 1 mm and 2 mm diameter indenters made of tungsten carbide; yield strength and indentation pressure values were extracted along the diameter of each disk. For the first time, indentation results were used to extract local mechanical properties of steel bars as a function of their process conditions: it was observed that small pins gave information on the effect of the machining process whereas large pins were more suitable to evaluate work-piece bulk properties.     

复合材料层合板准静态压痕损伤研究

本文对复合材料层合板准静态横向压缩特性损伤进行了研究.在损伤模拟过程中采用机体开裂和分层扩展判据,分类考虑了不同的损伤形式,通过修正损伤层的材料常数来模拟层板损伤所造成的局部刚度下降对横向压痕过程的影响.损伤模拟结果与超声C扫描的结果吻合较好.