Mitigating the gateway bottleneck via transparent cooperative caching in wireless mesh networks

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have been proposed to provide cheap, easily deployable and robust Internet access. The dominant Internet-access traffic from clients causes a congestion bottleneck around the gateway, which can significantly limit the throughput of the WMN clients in accessing the Internet. In this paper, we present MeshCache, a transparent caching system for WMNs that exploits the locality in client Internet-access traffic to mitigate the bottleneck effect at the gateway, thereby improving client-perceived performance. MeshCache leverages the fact that a WMN typically spans a small geographic area and hence mesh routers are easily over-provisioned with CPU, memory, and disk storage, and extends the individual wireless mesh routers in a WMN with built-in content caching functionality. It then performs cooperative caching among the wireless mesh routers.We explore two architecture designs for MeshCache: (1) caching at every client access mesh router upon file download, and (2) caching at each mesh router along the route the Internet-access traffic travels, which requires breaking a single end-to-end transport connection into multiple single-hop transport connections along the route. We also leverage the abundant research results from cooperative web caching in the Internet in designing cache selection protocols for efficiently locating caches containing data objects for these two architectures. We further compare these two MeshCache designs with caching at the gateway router only.Through extensive simulations and evaluations using a prototype implementation on a testbed, we find that MeshCache can significantly improve the performance of client nodes in WMNs. In particular, our experiments with a Squid-based MeshCache implementation deployed on the MAP mesh network testbed with 15 routers show that compared to caching at the gateway only, the MeshCache architecture with hop-by-hop caching reduces the load at the gateway by 38%, improves the average client throughput by 170%, and increases the number of transfers that achieve a throughput greater than 1 Mbps by a factor of 3.     

Adaptive Beamforming and DOA Estimation Using Uniform Concentric Spherical Arrays with Frequency Invariant Characteristics

This paper proposes a new digital beamformer for uniform concentric spherical array (UCSA) having nearly frequency invariant (FI) characteristics. The basic principle is to transform the received signals to the phase mode and remove the frequency dependency of the individual phase mode through the use of a digital beamforming network. It is shown that the far field pattern of the array is determined by a set of weights and it is approximately invariant over a wide range of frequencies. FI UCSAs are electronic steerable in both the azimuth and elevation angles, unlike their concentric circular array counterpart. The frequency invariant characteristic of the FI UCSA also makes it possible to design separately the compensation network and beamformer weighting coefficients. The design of the compensation network is formulated as a second order cone programming (SOCP) problem and is solved optimally for minimax criterion. Thanks to the frequency invariant characteristic, traditional narrow band adaptive beamforming algorithms such as minimum variance beamforming (MVB) can be applied to the FI UCSA. Also, traditional narrow band 2-D direction of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithms such as unitary ESPRIT can be extended to broadband DOA estimation using FI UCSA. Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive beamformer using FI UCSA can obtain a higher output signal to inference plus noise ratio over the conventional tapped-delay line approach. Simulation results also show that FI UCSA has uniform beampattern and resolution around 360° in both azimuth and elevation angles, unlike FI uniform concentric circular array. The usefulness of the proposed UCSA-FIB in broadband 2-D DOA estimation is also verified by computer simulation.

大功率氮化镓基白光LED模组的散热设计

散热设计是大功率发光二极管(LED)模组结构设计的重要环节.首先利用计算流体力学方法对自然对流条件下大功率LED模组的温度场进行了模拟,提出并优化了模组可采用的散热片结构,进而对影响模组散热的其他关键因素进行了分析,结果表明,提高关键封装材料如银胶的热导率能够有效地降低芯片温度,提高芯片温度均匀性;多芯片封装时芯片的整体温度及均匀性相对于单芯片封装皆有改善.优化后的封装结构在5 W电功率注入条件下,芯片结温约60 ℃.     

纳秒Bessel光束截面光强的分布

由衍射积分理论给出平行光通过轴棱锥后的光场分布表达式,模拟得到Bessel光束截面光强分布图.利用轴棱锥法,以平-抗共振环(ARR)介稳腔Nd:YAG调Q激光器为光源,获得高稳定的纳秒Bessel光脉冲.通过胶片扫描法和激光光斑能量分布的三维可视化方法,获得纳秒Bessel光截面光强的二维及三维能量分布图.实验结果与理论模拟基本吻合.实验结果表明,通过上述方法得到的分布图达到了比DataRay公司的Taper-CamD-UCM-20-15型光束分析仪要高的图像分辨率,是一种记录ps、甚至fs超短光脉冲空间能量分布的有效方法.     

Turbo编码调制技术在物理层网络编码中的应用研究

在双向中继信道中,基于编码调制技术提出了一种Turbo编码调制技术(T-TCM)与物理层网络编码的联合实施方案.本方案采用了T-TCM,即将TCM中的卷积码用Turbo码代替,两个分量编码器用符号交织器分开.中继节点利用卷积码和网络编码的线性性质直接估计网络编码的码字,并在中继节点采用了基于符号的MAP译码算法.本方案将信道编码技术、调制技术以及物理层网络编码三者联合设计,不仅增加了无线网络的吞吐量,还提高了网络的频谱利用率.     

快速充电器的改进与设计

基于快速充电要求引入变脉冲实施智能化的实时调节,对普通脉冲充电器进行改进,设计了新型的变脉冲充电电路,经实验证明改进后的变脉冲充电器能有效去除极化,缩短充电时间,提高充电效率和充电质量,达到快速充电的目的。     

基于Minitab DOE的铝丝楔焊键合工艺参数优化

为提高国产陶瓷外壳用于铝丝楔焊键合的可靠性和产品质量,利用Minitab统计软件对一种封装形式为CQFP84的国产陶瓷外壳用于铝丝楔焊键合的工艺参数进行试验设计,并对试验结果进行直观分析和方差分析。讨论过键合功率、键合压力、键合时间及超声功率缓慢上升时间(Ramp)对键合拉力的影响及其显著程度。试验研究表明第2段参数的键合压力、第2段参数的键合功率及第1段参数的Ramp对键合拉力值有显著影响,以键合拉力为参考指标,得到了较优的键合工艺参数,通过验证试验键合拉力相比工艺参数优化前有明显提高,分散度也有明显改善,达到了提高产品可靠性的目标。     

农林高校电气类专业教学改革与思政探索

在以德为先的教育背景下,高校意识形态问题是人才培养的关键。如何将课程思政的思想以专业知识为载体巧妙渗透到课堂中,是未来高等教育需要思考的重要问题。本文基于农林高校电气类专业实际情况,深入挖掘具有思政元素且特色鲜明的电气专业教学体系,提出面向“三农需求”的“一主线、四段式、八深入”课程体系改革融入构架,并给出以“林区新能源发电技术”为例的课程思政改革方案实例。     

Excel VBA在PCB设计辅助信息查询中的应用

针对传统手工查找PCB设计辅助信息效率低、工作强度大的问题,文章运用Excel VBA二次开发功能,实现了PCB设计辅助信息的自动查询。与传统方法相比,本方法能显著提高工作效率,减少工作量,有效保证数据准确性,达到事半功倍的效果。     

波导平板裂缝天线阵的设计

利用商业软件HFSS的S参数仿真结果,采用等效网络法对矩形波导宽边纵缝进行互耦环境下的导纳计算;并利用天线远场幅度、相位方向图仿真结果,采用口径场反演方法,对阵中辐射缝参数进行修正。通过设计实例,验证了该方法非常适合于平板裂缝天线阵的设计,有效地提高了设计效率。