Electro-organic synthesis without supporting electrolyte: Possibilities of solid polymer electrolyte technology

The application of ion exchange membranes as solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) in fuel cells is state-of-the-art. This technology needs no supporting electrolyte; consequently it can be applied for electro-organic syntheses in order to save process steps. In this case the process is not predetermined to a maximized energy efficiency so that the selection of the cell design, of the electrode materials and of the operating conditions can be focused on a high selectivity of the electrode reactions. The electro-osmotic stream, which is caused by the solvation shells of the ions during their migration through the membrane, and hence is a typical property of SPE technology, has a significant effect on the electrode reactions. It generates enhanced mass transfer at the electrodes, which is beneficial for reaction selectivity. It can be influenced by the choice of, and possibly by the preparation of, the membrane. An additional remarkable advantage of SPE technology is the exceptional long durability of oxide coated electrodes. By combination of several process engineering methods stable operation of SPE cells has been realized, even for examples of non-aqueous reaction systems. Experiments up to 6000 h duration and in cells of up to 250 cm² membrane area show the potential for industrial application.     

无机复合微量元素肥料（FTE）的合成及其应用效果研究

重点研究了无机复合微肥（简称ＦＥＴ）的合成条件及生成规律，并详细探讨了组成、工艺对ＦＴＥ微肥的主要技术指标——枸溶性的影响。同时，介绍了粮、棉、果、菜等各类农作物施用ＦＴＥ后取得的显著效果，为ＦＥＴ在作物上大面积推广应用提供了理论和实践依据。     

核电材料在模拟反应堆环境中应力腐蚀破裂测试技术与性能评价

简要介绍了采用慢应变速率试验，Ｕ型弯曲和Ｃ形环试验等技术，分别对８００合金，３０４和３１６及３１６Ｔｉ不锈钢Ａ５３３Ｂ压力容器用多在模拟核反应堆环境中的应力腐蚀破裂敏感性性进行的试验研究的一些主要结果；并结合电化学测试和表面膜俄歇电子能谱分析结果进行了讨论。     

CA／PAN中空纤维血浆分离膜的结构与性能

本研究以CA及PAN的共混溶液,通过干-湿法纺丝制取中空纤维,利用共混高聚物各组分在凝固剂中相分离速度的差异,形成具有稳定结构的中空纤维孔膜,该膜用于分离血液中的血浆成分具有良好效果。讨论了成型条件及添加剂等对膜结构、性能的影响,用SEM及图相分析仪、MAP压汞仪及DSC等分析手段,对膜的微孔结构、形态、孔尺寸及中空纤维膜的血浆通量和水通量等进行了系统的考查。     

Si基膜片型气敏传感器微结构单元的热学性能

微结构气敏传感器由于其微型化、低功耗、易阵列化和易批量生产等优点而受到国内外研究者的广泛关注。利用微机电系统（MEMS）加工技术，制备Si基膜片型微结构单元，并分析其热学性能。这种单元工作区温度为-300℃时，加热功率约75mW；并且膜片工作区的热质量很小，温度可以于毫秒量级的时间内，在室温和450℃之间调制。利用这种微结构单元，可以在温度调制方式下，研究气敏薄膜的电学特性和敏感机理。     

软X射线对血液有形成分表面电荷的影响——2、淋巴细胞和血小板膜电荷的变化

软X射线不仅能引起红细胞表面电荷的变化,同时也能导致淋巴细胞和血小板表面电荷下降,表现为照射后它们的电泳率下降。低剂量范围内,这种电荷的变化是暂时性的,照后4小时降到最低点,24小时后恢复到对照的水平。细胞电泳率的下降与辐射剂量相关。淋巴细胞是一个复杂的细胞群,正常状态下,按细胞在电场中泳动速度的快慢,可分为两个组分:快峰为T细胞,慢峰为B细胞。软X射线照射以后,T和B细胞的电泳率皆减慢,频数分布峰值下降,离散度加大。血小板成分单一,电泳率较一致。 从照射浓集的血小板再加回自身血浆中电泳率的下降较照射血浆再加到血小板中的电泳率下降大得多;受照射的血小板在磷酸缓冲液中电泳率下降较在血浆悬液中严重得多;2000 rad照后,悬浮于血浆中的血小板电泳率能恢复,而悬浮于磷酸缓冲液中则不能恢复,三个方面来看,血浆中可能存在抗辐射因子。超氧化物岐化酶能有效地预防血小板电泳率的下降,从而可阻止血小板的凝聚。     

New Reaction Engineering Concepts for Selective Oxidation Reactions

In order to enhance product yields in selective oxidation reactions, numerous reaction engineering concepts are being studied worldwide. Periodic operation has been investigated for decades, yet its application is limited to a few examples, such as the butane oxidation after DuPont or reverse-flow reactors for VOC removal. The use of microchannel reactors is a younger field, but it has already yielded promising results for process optimization. Catalytic wall reactors have proved to be a helpful tool for kinetic studies. On the laboratory scale, membrane reactors have displayed favorable behavior in selective oxidation. The Na vapor-catalyzed dehydrogenation of methanol to formaldehyde is a final example of an unusual new concept for selective oxidation.     

用膜电解法处理低浓度SO2吸收液的三室电解槽材料的选择

提出了用膜电解法处理低浓度SO2吸收液的方法，介绍了三室电解槽的设计原理及在电场作用下，电解槽内离子的迁移和电解反应机理，系统地讨论了电解槽组成单元材料（如阳离子交换器）的选择及在H2SO4－NaHSO3-Na2SO3体系中金属阳极的选择等，并进行了试验验证，得到了很好的结果。     

核反应堆加热流道含汽量计算研究

指出了加热流道内含汽量传统算法中存在的问题 ,并提出了新的算法