PVC基阻尼涂料的制备及其流变性能

以聚氯乙烯（PVC）为基体，对苯二甲酸二辛酯（DOTP）为增塑剂，与无机填料CaCO3、钙锌热稳定剂、乳化剂OP-10、润滑剂液体石蜡等复合改性制备PVC基阻尼材料，采用动态流变仪DHR、动态热机械分析仪DMA、扫描电镜SEM等对试样的性能和形态进行表征。运用正交设计探究各组分对性能的影响规律，结果表明，填料CaCO3和增塑剂DOTP比例对其阻尼性能影响最显著；当PVC: CaCO3: DOTP: OP-10比重为45: 33: 22: 2时，25℃时频率0.01～150 Hz范围内，tan δ最大值从0.497提高到0.604；剪切速率0.1 s-1时表观黏度为3738 Pa·s，剪切速率150 s-1时表观黏度为2.19 Pa·s，具有优异的抗流挂性与稳定性。通过LASD形态分析构建微观聚集态模型，提出刚性填料团聚-解团聚和聚合物微球变形对流变性能的作用机理，为LASD的持续研究提供技术思路和理论基础。     

Ionic liquid mediated nano-composite polymer gel electrolyte for rechargeable battery application

ABSTRACT

Nano-composite polymer gel electrolytes (NPGEs) based on polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) PVdF-HFP, ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3- methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide BMIMTFSI, Li-salt along with the addition of SiO₂ nanoparticles have been synthesized and characterized by various techniques. Prepared NPGEs show high room temperature ionic conductivity (~10^?3 S/cm) and have a wide electrochemical window (ECW) (~3.3–3.5 V). The galvanostatic charge/discharge profile was studied by sandwiching best performing NPGEs between a LiFePO₄ cathode and lithium metal anode. The specific discharge capacity of the cell (Li/NPGE/LiFePO₄) room temperature at 0.1C rate is found to be 138 mAh/g.     

Tensile mechanical properties of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) and BPO4/SPEEK membranes

A study to evaluate the tensile mechanical properties of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) and BPO₄/SPEEK composite membranes has been carried out. It is aimed to give an assessment of these materials for applications in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The stress–strain response of the membranes was measured as a function of the degree of sulfonation (DS) and the filler–matrix ratio. In addition, the effects of immersion in water at various temperatures were explored in situ by means of a homemade testing chamber fitted to the tensile analyzer. The results indicate that the DS has an important influence on the final mechanical behavior of the membranes. The introduction of the BPO₄ solid filler leads to deterioration in mechanical performance compared to unfilled SPEEK. A general picture of the microstructural features influencing the mechanical properties of SPEEK and BPO₄/SPEEK membranes is proposed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 2380–2393, 2005     

Cellulose acetate reverse osmosis membranes: Optimization of the composition

Membranes based on cellulose acetate for reverse osmosis can possibly be applied to the so‐called salinity process of energy generation and water desalinization. The requirements for membranes for these two different applications are a relatively high water flux and low salt permeability. In this article, we present the optimization of the composition of such membranes. We started by producing membranes with a patented casting solution with the following composition: 45.77 wt % dioxane, 17.61 wt % acetone, and 8.45 wt % acetic acid (solvents); 14.09 wt % methanol (nonsolvent); and 7.04 wt % cellulose diacetate and 7.04 wt % cellulose triacetate. The membranes produced with this solution were analyzed comparatively, with the membranes obtained by the introduction of modifications to the following parameters: the solvent mix, the nonsolvent mix, the proportion of cellulose diacetate and cellulose triacetate in the casting solution, and the addition of reinforcing cellulose fibers. The results led us to conclude that the best membrane formulation had the following composition: 45.77 wt % dioxane, 17.61 wt % acetone, and 8.45 wt % acetic acid (solvents); 4.22 wt % cellulose triacetate and 9.86 wt % cellulose diacetate (polymers); 14.09 wt % methanol (nonsolvent); and 0.5 wt % cellulose fibers (with respect to the total polymer content). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4052–4058, 2006     

Color and COD retention by nanofiltration membranes

In the present study the application of the nanofiltration process was investigated mainly in the retention ofcolor and chemical oxygen demand (COD) present in textile industry wastewater. Nanofiltration experiments were carried out in a pilot unit, operating in crossflow. Three different types of spiral wound membranes, DK 1073, NF 45 and MPS 31 were used simultaneously in the same unit. The results of the tests showed that for color retention, the values were around 99% for the DK 1073 and NF 45 membranes and the 87% for COD retention for the DK 1073. The permeate flux for the different wastewaters varied from 30.5 to 70 L/h.m². Fouling was observed in all membranes due to the accumulation of molecular species close to the filtering surface. The process was efficient and promising for the reuse of wastewater from this type of industry.     

《无机及分析化学》在多媒体教学的应用及思考

对多媒体技术在无机及分析化学教学的应用进行了，阐述和分析，指出使用多媒体教学应注意的问题。     

耐高温绝缘涂层的研制

采用有机硅树脂、无机粘结剂和无机填料制备的有机无机复合耐高温绝缘漆，其涂层经600℃，1h的热处理后可具有良好的附着力和绝缘性能。配套后的绝缘涂层，可在250℃下长期使用，并具有良好的耐冷热循环、耐湿热的能力。     

国外过氧化氢在化学合成中应用研究进展

介绍了近期国外过氧化氢在部分化学品合成中应用研究新进展 ,产品包括过碳酸钠、过碳酰胺、4Na2 SO4·2H2 O2 ·NaCl加合物、叔胺氧化物、水合肼、二羟基苯、季铵盐过氧化氢和甲乙酮肟。内容涉及产品质量 (纯度、安定性、溶解速率、外观等 )、产品收率、催化剂、工艺过程等方面改进。主要介绍专利技术。     

新型技术用于乳状液膜法脱酚的进一步研究

本文对模拟的含酚废水,采用新型技术对乳状液膜法脱酚进行了进一步的探讨。对所采用的制乳设备———撞击流-旋转填料床对制乳率、提取设备———旋转填料床对脱酚率、破乳设备———无机微孔膜法破乳的重要参数(如透过压方式、膜孔径等对膜通量和破乳率的影响)进行了研究。并且讨论了破乳后的油相回用情况。实验结果表明:撞击流-旋转填料床的制乳效率可达99.90 %以上,脱酚率可达99%左右,且瞬间完成;膜孔径越小,破乳率越高,膜通量越小;外压内抽方式的破乳效果优于单外压方式的破乳效果。对于粒径为5～2 5 μm乳液,用膜孔径为2 .0 μm的SiC微孔膜,在外压为6 0kPa、内负压为30kPa的外压内抽破乳方式下破乳,破乳率可达96 .4 % ,膜通量可达90 0L·(m2 ·h) -1。     

添加剂对PSF/ER合金膜结构和性能的影响

介绍了大分子添加荆聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和小分子添加荆H2O时聚砜(PSF)／环氧树脂(ER)合金膜结构和渗透、分离及成膜性能的影响。结果表明，添加荆使PSF／ER合金膜的水通量上升，截留率下降；PVP改善了PSF／ER合金膜的成膜性能，当水质量分数大于0．8％时，PSF／ER合金膜的成膜性能下降。