Nd8-xDyxFe82Co6B4纳米复合永磁材料的磁性能

针对NdFeB纳米复合永磁材料的矫顽力偏低的现状,采用熔体快淬法制备了Nd8DyxFe82Co6B4（x=0,0．4,0．8,1．2,1．6）纳米复合永磁材料,研究了Dy和Co的添加对NdFeB纳米复合永磁材料的磁性能的影响．研究结果表明,Dy的添加可提高材料的各向异性场,提高矫顽力,但是Dy元素的添加使材料的剩磁降低,结晶温度升高,因此添加量不宜过多;复合添加Co原子不仅可以提高材料的剩磁和矫顽力,而且可以弥补只添加Dy元素使材料的结晶温度升高的缺陷．在最佳的热处理条件下,Dy含量x=0．8时的样品表现出最佳的磁性能,矫顽力jHc=524kA／m,剩磁Br=1．11T,最大磁能积（BH）max=158kJ／m^3．     

严歌苓移民小说中的边缘人物分析

旅美作家严歌苓的作品对移民初入美国所遭遇的文化冲突所引起的困惑,生存艰难中关好的人性品质以及移民的乡愁情结都有所反映．在中西文化的碰撞和融合中,严歌苓对边缘人物的疑惑、焦灼、无奈和苦闷作了细致的刻画．她创造的移民形象,不论对于中国文学还是对于世界文学,都是一个独特的贡献．     

中西方城市文化遗产保护的历程

在文化旅游市场全球化的冲击下,我国的城市文化遗产保护面临前所未有的机遇与挑战.按照中西方城市文化遗产保护历史的演变过程,依据时间进程分别将其归纳为不同的主题阶段,同时采用对照的方式进行综述与分析,以厘清中西方城市文化遗产保护理论的区别,找到真正适合中国文化特殊性的保护动机,为转型中的中国城市文化遗产保护提供帮助.     

对于我国城市文化遗产保护制度现实问题的思考

在世界遗产旅游市场全球化、快速化的冲击下,我国的城市文化遗产保护面临着前所未有的机遇与挑战.综述了目前我国城市文化遗产保护的相关概念定义,并从文物保护与历史文化名城、历史文化保护区之间的关系出发分析了我国的分级管理保护制度,从而解析出目前相关制度所遗漏的现实问题,试图通过对文化真实性的思考,对我国城市文化遗产保护工作产生有益的启示.     

基于CRF的中文评论有效性挖掘产品特征

方面级意见挖掘的任务通常包括从客户评论中抽取产品的特征、与产品特征相关联的观点词识别以及观点的极性判断三个方面。围绕如何实现中文评论的方面级意见挖掘问题,提出了利用条件随机场实现中文评论的方面级意见挖掘的四个主要步骤：数据预处理、训练集准备、为条件随机场模型定义学习函数、应用模型标注新的评论数据。在此基础上,通过以五种实际产品的中文评论语料为数据集,对该方法进行了数据实验。实验结果表明,该方法针对不同类型观点元素的抽取在评估性能指标上大部分达到或超过80%。为了进一步验证所提出方法的有效性,将研究结果进行了差异显著性检验。结果显示,用CRF对中文评论进行方面级意见挖掘和对英文评论的方面意见挖掘的性能差异不大。最后,比较了三种不同方法的方面抽取精度和情感分类精度,实验结果表明,CRF方法优于词典化的隐马尔可夫模型和关联规则挖掘方法。     

Trace element geochemistry of the Obed Mountain deposit coals, Alberta, Canada

This study reports on the elemental concentrations and vertical variation of coal seams from the Obed Mountain deposit, Alberta Foothills, Canada. Results from two sections of Seam 1 show that the major elements (i.e. Al, Fe, Mg, K, Na, Ti, and Si) have high concentrations in intervals having high ash content, with the only exception of Ca. Similarities are apparent, in both sections, in the vertical variations of Th, U, Se, and Zn; Rb, Cs, and K; Sb, Mo, and W; Mn and Sr; and Ba, Cr, Co, Hf, and Sc. These similarities are also evident among the REEs, notably between Ce and La; also between Dy, Eu, and Sm. Most elements, with the exception of Ba and Sr are slightly more concentrated in Section 2 of Seam 1, located approximately 1.5Fig. km away from Section 1. Compared to Seam 1, Seam 2 has lower mean concentrations of elements. Boron in the coal ranges from 27 to 100 ppmw, though most values are less than 50 ppmw. Boron concentrations suggest a freshwater depositional environment. The element is depleted in the sedimentary partings (12–29 ppmw only) and is enriched in the coal interval near the roof and immediately beneath the partings. This enrichment shows possible downward mobilization of boron. Vertical variations of elements are helpful in delineating the boundaries between coal and sedimentary partings in the succession. The Obed Mountain coals are “clean” by world standards and their elemental concentrations are comparable with those in coals of a lower rank from the same coal formation used for power generation in Alberta. All sedimentary partings have low concentrations of Ba, Hf, Sc, Sr, Ta, Th, U, and REEs; this, along with the absence of an Eu negative anomaly suggests a non-volcanic origin for the partings.     

Selective separation of yttrium from rare earth elements by ion interaction chromatography. Analytical and larger scale applications

ABSTRACT

New ion interaction chromatographic (IIC) method employing Kromasil 100 C₁₈ column and tetra-n-butylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH) as an ion interaction reagent (IIR) is able to separate yttrium from Rare Earth Elements (REE) as anionic complexes with nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA). New method for the chromatographic determination of Y in REE mixture was devised and validated by the analysis of the certified reference material (CRM). Potential possibilities of the new chromatographic system for larger scale applications including macro-micro events were demonstrated.     

Trace element loads in the Great Lakes Basin: A reconnaissance

Water quality data for trace elements in the Great Lakes are relatively scarce, complicating the assessment of current trace element baselines and their distribution patterns. Here, we present concentration data for >40 major and trace elements in >100 samples from the Great Lakes connecting channels, surface waters, precipitation and select Canadian tributaries, to establish a high-level assessment of loading rates across the basin. Contrasting upstream-to-downstream trends were observed for the investigated trace elements, ranging from net-decreasing (>5-fold for e.g., Co, Tl, Y) to net-increasing surface water concentrations (>2-fold for e.g., Sb, U, As). Calculated loading rates reveal different, element-specific controls of runoff, connecting channel loads or precipitation on trace element occurrence. Lake-wide elemental mass-balances could be reasonably closed for conservative trace elements (e.g., Li, <53% residual) but not for others (e.g., rare earth elements with up to 5-fold discrepancies), reflective of general data scarcity and uncertainty in loading rates. In line with major water quality trends, spatial distribution patterns in Lakes Erie and Ontario display subtle near-shore to off-shore heterogeneity for a few trace elements (<1 order-of-magnitude for V or Se), but higher variability for trace elements with significant inputs derived from tributaries. This work provides important quantitative baseline data for trace elements in the Great Lakes that may help optimize surveillance and management strategies for the preservation of Great Lakes water quality.     

数学形态学在数字图像处理中的应用研究

传统边缘检测算法由于对噪声敏感,难以准确提取图像边缘,导致图像处理效果不佳.基于传统数学形态学算法中结构算子的方向性和尺寸几何的基础上进行算法改进.针对抗噪型碰撞腐蚀形态学边缘检测算子结构元素特征,采用不同大小结构元素组合来提取边缘特征,有效保证了图像细节的同时去掉较大噪声点.根据结构元素的方向性,利用同向结构元素图像的匹配来检测各边缘信息,确保不同向边缘信息的完整度.通过比较文本改进算法与传统的边缘检测算法对图像边缘检测效果表明:本文提出的改进算子在处理较大图像边缘检测时具有更快的检测速度,且图像边缘光滑,细节清晰,具备了更强的抗噪性能.     

快速城市化条件下基于SLEUTH-SWAT模型的济南市水文响应分析

为更好地反映快速城市化未来长期的区域水文响应,以济南市为例,利用2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年土地利用、道路演变等数据,驱动SLEUTH模型对快速城市化进行了模拟和合理预测,生成了2020年、2030年土地利用数据。以此作为输入数据,运用SWAT模型定量分析了快速城市化和气候变化对径流、蒸发等水文要素的影响。结果表明:未来济南市仍有大量耕地转化为城市用地,2030年城市面积将达到640 km~2。不考虑气候变化,总径流和地表径流将分别增加4%和12.5%,蒸发和下渗分别减少0.78%和2.51%,核心城市化子流域地表径流将增加40%以上。依据年降雨量选取了平水、极丰和极枯三种降水情景,极枯和极丰情景下2030年济南市地表径流深分别为15.02 mm和101.44 mm,极丰情景下重点城区径流深可达300 mm以上。建议未来济南市核心城区加强防洪管理,重点防范城市内涝及洪水灾害。