复合材料凝固过程中的颗粒/界面行为数学模型

根据颗粒增强金属基复合材料凝固过程中的颗粒 /界面作用微观机理 ,导出颗粒附近温度场 ,液 /固界面形状 ,颗粒受力情况及颗粒吞并 /推移临界条件数学模型。分析了热导率、颗粒尺寸和凝固速度不同对颗粒 /界面行为的影响。     

碳钢与不锈钢在腐蚀浆料中冲刷腐蚀交互作用的定量研究

用失重法和电化学法系统地研究了碳钢与不锈钢在腐蚀浆料中冲刷与腐蚀的交互作用及其电化学行为。试验表明：①冲刷腐蚀和动态纯腐蚀极化曲线与静态纯腐蚀极化曲线截然不同，两者的腐蚀机理存在本质的差异；②T8钢以腐蚀失重为主，18—8不锈钢以冲刷失重为主，两者的冲刷腐蚀交互作用失重率占其总失重率的60%以上，表明耐蚀不耐磨的18—8不锈钢和耐磨不耐蚀的T8钢在冲刷腐蚀工况中均难以胜任；③T8钢的冲刷腐蚀失重率和交互作用失重平均是18—8不锈钢的6倍以上，表明在液固两相流冲刷腐蚀工况中，材料必须首先具有一定的耐蚀性，然后再考虑提高材料的硬度和耐磨性，这样才能有效地提高材料的耐冲刷腐蚀性能。     

Unsteady extinction mechanism of nonpremixed flame interacting with a vortex

The extinction mechanism of a CH₄/N₂-air counterflow nonpremixed flame interacting with a single vortex was numerically studied. An augmented reduced mechanism was used to treat the CH₄ oxidation reactions. The contribution of each term in the energy and the OH species equations were evaluated to investigate the unsteady extinction mechanism of nonpremixed flame. The flame temperature began to decrease due to the convection heat loss when the flame interacted with a vortex. The investigation of the radical behavior during the flame-vortex interaction process also provided useful information on the unsteady extinction mechanism. The OH radical concentration could be used as a good tracer of the state of the unsteady extinction of nonpremixed flame. The reduction mechanism of OH concentration was confirmed by analyzing the contribution of each term in the OH species equation. At initial stage of flame-vortex interaction, the OH production and consumption rates increased gradually, while the OH concentration was kept nearly constant. Near the extinction limit, the OH production rate decreased rapidly due to the low flame temperature, and the balance between the OH production and OH consumption by diffusion could not be maintained. The unsteady nonpremixed flame interacting with a vortex under the conditions of regime (V) shown in the spectral combustion diagram [Thévenin, D., Renard, P.H., Fiechtner, G.J., Gord, J.R., Rolon, J.C., 2000. Regimes of non-premixed flame-vortex interactions. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 28, 2101-2108.] was finally extinguished due to low reactivity, which was induced by the low flame temperature.     

Metallochemical Analysis of the Reaction in a Mixture of Nickel and Aluminum Powders

Phaseformation processes are considered at the level of a mesocell of a mixture with the use of the state diagram for a binary system. Consecutive schemes of metallochemical reactions of formation and decomposition of intermetallide compounds in a mixture of nickel and aluminum powders are suggested. The problem of diffusion annealing of this mixture is numerically solved for two different conditions: at a constant temperature and at a temperature slowly increasing by a linear law.     

用兰纳-琼斯位能和单参数Wilson方程预测汽液平衡

根据兰纳-琼斯位能提出计算Wilson方程中同类分子间能量参数gii的一个简便方法,用于单参数Wilson方程可成功地预测二元体系气液平衡,预测精度与已有方法相当,且仅需要纯物质的Tc,Pc,Zc数据。     

正负离子表面活性剂相互作用的理论和实验研究

Typical cationic and anionic surfactants were chosen and their interactions were calculated by quantumchemical method. Interaction energies are -0.2378kJ·mol~(-1),-3.3394kJ·mol~(-1) and 0.1204kJ·mol~(-1) for the molec-ular pairs with fluocarbon and hydrocarbon chain: C_4H_(10)/C_5H_(12), C_4F_(10)/C_5H_(12), and C_4F_(10)/C_5F_(12), respectively.When hydrophilic group with cationic and anionicions is introduced, interaction energies are -287.40kJ·mol~(-1),-311.18kJ·mol~(-1) and -345.83kJ·mol~(-1). The results show that there is strong static interaction between cationicand anionic surfactants. It has been predicted that mixed monolayer may be formed and surface activity is en-hanced favorably, especially for mixtures of cationic and anionic surfactants with fluocarbon and hydrocarbonchains. The anionic surfactants, sodium octadecylbenzenesulfonate perfluopolyetherbenzenesulonate(ANF-Ⅰ)wassynthesized, mixture effects of ANF-Ⅰ with sodium octadecylbenzenesulfonate or dodecyldimethyl benzylammonium     

非均相固定化酶促反应中“抗激发互交作用”的解析分析与定量计算

通过理论推导证明：在外扩散与化学抑制共存的非均相固定化酶促反应中，总有效系数η为外扩散有效系数ηｄｉｆ和化学抑制有效系数ηｃｈ的乘积，并且分别小于相应的ηｄｉｆ和ηｃｈ；从数学上解释了外扩散抑制和一般性化学抑制间所存在的“抗激发互交作用”。利用所得公式计算表明：底物浓度对外扩散与竞争性、非竞争性和反竞争性等不同化学抑制共存的非均相固定化酶促反应有明显不同的影响；扩散抑制均显著地影响非均相固定化酶促反应，使得反应体系的总有效系数随抑制作用的增加而明显减小，从而对这类反应有了更进一步的认识     

Determination of the solubility parameter of poly(ethylene oxide) at 25°C by gas-liquid chromatography

The solubility parameter of poly(ethylene oxide) at 25°C has been determined using the method developed by DiPaola-Baranyi and Guillet, by the extrapolation of the values of the interaction parameter χ, at high temperatures, ranging from 70°–90°, 90°–110° and 110°–130°C down to 25°C. The values of the solubility parameter obtained, depending on the temperature ranges employed, are 9.8, 9.9 and 10.1, respectively.     

Selective solvation of polystyrene in tetralin/cyclohexane mixtures

Refractive index increments and density increments have been measured at 307.6K for polystyrene in binary solvents of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (tetralin, TET) and cyclohexane over the whole range of solvent composition. Comparison of these increments with the corresponding values obtained at dialysis equilibrium (i.e. at constant chemical potential of low molecular weight species) yielded the coefficients of selective adsorption (γ₁) of TET by the polymer. Positive values of γ₁ were exhibited at solvent compositions up to 78% (v/v) of the thermodynamically better solvent, TET. Theoretical curves of γ₁ vs. composition were calculated on the basis of, firstly, relevant interaction parameters and, secondly, interaction parameters in conjunction with solubility parameters. Both procedures afforded self-consistent results, which were, however, uniformly lower than the experimental values of γ₁.     

Guayule seedling response to nitrogen fertilizers

Slow growth and high seedling mortality limit direct seeding establishment of guayule (Parthenium argentatum G.). This study was conducted to assess seedling growth enhancement by the addition of different rates and forms of N fertilizers and Ca salts. Experiments were conducted in a greenhouse with cultivar 593 under both surface and subirrigated conditions using water low in salts (salinity of 0.8 dSm^–1, SAR of 5.0 and 10 mg Ca L^–1). Under surface-irrigated conditions, seedling height and fresh plant weight increased with N application to the irrigation water to 70 mg L^–1. The best seedling growth was observed when (NH₄)₂SO₄ was added in combination with CaCl₂ or CaSO₄. Progressively less growth was observed by addition of (NH₄)₂SO₄ alone, CO(NH₂)₂ plus CaSO₄, CO(NH₂)₂ alone and Ca(NO₃)₂. When seedlings were subirrigated, however, the best growth was observed with Ca(NO₃)₂. Intermediate growth was obtained with (NH₄)₂SO₄ plus CaSO₄ and lowest growth rates with (NH₄)₂SO₄ alone. These differential responses may be explained by the differences in leaching and volatile characteristics of the N forms. Growth enhancement from N and Ca additions increased with time with significant increases 45 days after seeding. Nitrogen application with Ca may be effective amendment in promoting subsequent growth of direct seeded guayule.