商代青铜酒器文化研究

商朝是中国青铜时代的鼎盛时期,以青铜制作的器具众多,其中不乏大量的酒器,从酒器的造型与纹饰可以反应出商当时的一个社会文化背景,即商人好酒。     

A novel method for three-dimensional observation of the vascular networks in the whole mouse brain

A novel method for acquiring serial images suitable for three-dimensional reconstruction of vascular networks in the whole brain of mouse was developed. The brain infused with a White India ink-gelatin solution was fixed and embedded in paraffin containing Sudan Black B through xylene also containing Sudan Black B. Each sliced surface of the paraffin block was coated with liquid paraffin and its image was serially acquired. Coating with liquid paraffin extremely improved the quality of the image. The series of serial images was free of distortion and a three-dimensional image was reconstructed without the problem of the alignment and registration of adjacent images. The volume-rendered image indicated three-dimensional distribution of blood vessels in a whole brain. No ghost or shadow was observed on a volume-rendered image of the White India ink-gelatin infused brain. The z-axial resolution examined on the orthogonal sections reconstituted from serial images obtained at an interval of 5 mum showed no cross talk, indicating that the z-axial resolution was no larger than 5 mum. A proper understanding of the vascular system in a whole brain is indispensable to reveal the development of the vascular system in the brain of normal and genetically manipulated mouse and vascular alterations in pathological situation, such as stroke and neurodegenerative disease. Although simple and inexpensive, this method will provide fundamental information on the vascular system in a whole brain.     

面向互联电网连锁故障安全防控的关键支路辨识

随着电网互联紧密程度的提高,抵御连锁性故障成为关键问题。在一定场景下,电网关键载流支路故障会引发过载型连锁反应,威胁系统安全运行,对于此类关键线路的筛选和辨识具有重要意义。据此,在考虑无功电压的改进直流潮流模型的基础上,推导和构建了过载型连锁故障动态演化模型。该模型考虑连锁故障过程中系统功率平衡和电压稳定装置的调节作用以及系统的校正控制措施,并较为准确地模拟支路失效后互联系统连锁故障的动态演化过程,进而研判连锁故障对系统功能和结构的影响。在此基础上,提出了电网载流支路的重要度评估指标,通过大规模连锁故障模拟计算,获得各载流支路的重要度指标,最终实现电网关键支路的有效辨识。以IEEE 39节点系统为算例,验证了所提模型和方法的有效性。     

基于CTCNet对球结膜进行糖尿病视网膜病变分类

糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy, DR)是一种糖尿病性微血管病变,会在球结膜微血管上有所体现,球结膜血管图像的获取比眼底图像更加便捷,但微血管的特征变化微小且难以量化。为了能够对患者进行早期辅助诊断,本文依据球结膜微血管形态与DR的关联,首先对球结膜图像进行预处理,使用限制对比度自适应直方图均衡(contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization, CLAHE)算法进行图像增强,随机处理使数据增强,然后结合卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network, CNN)和Transformer各自的网络优势构建CTCNet,对处理后的球结膜血管图像进行DR分类,分类准确率达到了97.44%,敏感度97.69%,特异性97.11%,精确度97.69%,通过实验对比CNN和Transformer, CTCNet网络性能优于其他模型,能够有效识别DR。     

Phase-Separated Polyzwitterionic Hydrogels with Tunable Sponge-Like Structures for Stable Solar Steam Generation

Solar steam generation (SSG) through hydrogel-based evaporators has shown great promise for freshwater production. However, developing hydrogel-based evaporators with stable SSG performance in high-salinity brines remains challenging. Herein, phase-separated polyzwitterionic hydrogel-based evaporators are presented with sponge-like structures comprising interconnected pores for stable SSG performance, which are fabricated by photopolymerization of sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) in water-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) mixed solvents. It is shown that driven by competitive adsorption, the structures of the resulting poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA) hydrogels can be readily tuned by the volume ratio of DMSO to achieve phase separation. The optimized phase-separated PSBMA hydrogels, combining the unique anti-polyelectrolyte effects of polyzwitterionic hydrogels, demonstrate a rapid water transport capability in brines. After introducing photothermal polypyrrole particles on the surface of the phase-separated PSBMA hydrogel evaporators, a stable water evaporation rate of ≈2.024 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ and high solar-to-vapor efficiency of ≈97.5% in a 3.5 wt.% brine are obtained under simulated solar light irradiation (1.0 kW m⁻²). Surprisingly, the evaporation rates remain stable even under high-intensity solar irradiation (2.0 kW m⁻²). It is anticipated that the polyzwitterionic hydrogel evaporators with sponge-like porous structures will contribute to developing SSG technology for high-salinity seawater applications.     

Adaptive neural network dynamic event-triggered control for strong interconnected stochastic nonlinear systems with output constraint

This paper proposes a dynamic event-triggered mechanism based command filtered adaptive neural network (NN) tracking control scheme for strong interconnected stochastic nonlinear systems with time-varying output constraints. By designing a state observer, the unmeasured states of the systems can be estimated. The NNs are utilized to handle the unknown intermediate functions. In the controller design process, the asymmetric time-varying barrier Lyapunov functions are used to guarantee that the systems outputs do not violate the constraint regions. By integrating the command filter with variable separation technique, the controller design process is more simple, and the problem of algebraic-loop can be solved which caused by interconnected functions. According to the Lyapunov stability theory, it can be ensured that all signals of the systems are bounded in probability. Finally, the availability of the developed control scheme can be showed by the simulation example.     

考虑频率与区间联络线功率安全约束的两区互联电力系统机组组合

随着电源结构与电网形态的转变,互联电力系统频率时空分布特征日益显著,区域频率差异与区间联络线功率振荡增大,基于统一频率假设的频率安全约束机组组合方法不再适用。针对考虑频率时空分布特征的两区互联电力系统安全约束机组组合,推导区域频率与区间联络线功率闭式解,并基于闭式解的两项划分,推得区域频率最低点、最大变化率、准稳态值以及区间联络线功率振荡峰值、准稳态值等一系列解析安全量化指标。基于所得指标,构建考虑区域频率与区间联络线功率安全约束的机组组合模型。并根据调度模式与指标特点,提出兼顾区域能力保障与区间能力协调的两级两阶段迭代求解算法。结果表明,所得指标可准确描述两区互联电力系统的安全特征,所提模型和算法可有效保障两区互联电力系统机组组合方案的运行安全。     

考虑新能源不确定性的互联电网交换功率鲁棒优化模型

高比例新能源及其不确定性增加了多区域交流互联系统交换功率控制的难度,为保证区域间联络线传输功率的协调分布及其波动相对均衡,提出了一种考虑互联电网外特性的交换功率稳定控制模型。考虑互联系统自动发电控制(AGC)参与因子与联络线潮流分布的关联关系,推导并构建了互联系统AGC下的潮流模型。进而,以联络线功率波动幅值最小为目标函数,建立了基于鲁棒优化的区域交换功率稳定控制模型,并提出了一种基于松弛法的协同演化算法对该模型进行求解。以双IEEE 14节点和IEEE 118节点测试系统为例进行仿真分析,将无优化与鲁棒优化计算结果进行对比,结果表明鲁棒优化可以有效应对新能源随机出力的影响,对于外特性的稳定性具有明显改善效果,并验证了所提算法的有效性和实用性。     

基于B2B-MMC的柔性互联变电站优化调度方法

针对传统变电站内主变之间采用单母线分段开关难以准确调控潮流问题,提出一种基于背靠背模块化多电平换流器（B2B-MMC）的柔性互联变电站优化调度方法。首先,提出含柔性互联变电站的配电网架构,实现潮流的连续性控制及多区域间互相协调;然后,设计柔性互联变电站架构下的一种潮流优化调度方法,采用遗传算法对换流器进行赋值,利用改进交替迭代法进行潮流计算,实现配电网潮流的主动调控;最后,通过仿真模型验证了本文所提控制方法的有效性和合理性。     

一种新型低温容器综合性能检测仪设计及应用

针对低温容器性能检测实际需求,介绍了一种新型低温容器综合性能检测仪的设计计算方法及工艺流程,并从抽真空系统、测量分析系统、环境监测系统、控制系统及工艺流程方面重点阐述其设计方法,最后介绍了基于此设计完成的产品及实际应用情况。