A meta-analytic review of achievement goal measures: Different labels for the same constructs or different constructs with similar labels?

This meta-analysis addresses whether achievement goal researchers are using different labels for the same constructs or putting the same labels on different constructs. We systematically examined whether conceptual and methodological differences in the measurement of achievement goals moderated achievement goal intercorrelations and relationships with outcomes. We reviewed 243 correlational studies of self-reported achievement goals comprising a total of 91,087 participants. The items used to measure achievement goals were coded as being goal relevant (future-focused, cognitively represented, competence-related end states that the individual approaches or avoids) and were categorized according to the different conceptual definitions found within the literature. The results indicated that achievement goal–outcome and goal–goal correlations differed significantly depending on the goal scale chosen, the individual items used to assess goal strivings, and sociodemographic characteristics of the sample under study. For example, performance-approach goal scales coded as having a majority of normatively referenced items had a positive correlation with performance outcomes (r? = .14), whereas scales with a majority of appearance and evaluative items had a negative relationship (r? = ?.14). Mastery-approach goal scales that contained goal-relevant language were not significantly related to performance outcomes (r? = .05), whereas those that did not contain goal-relevant language had a positive relationship with performance outcomes (r? = .14). We concluded that achievement goal researchers are using the same label for conceptually different constructs. This discrepancy between conceptual and operational definitions and the absence of goal-relevant language in achievement goal measures may be preventing productive theory testing, research synthesis, and practical application. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

历史城镇型活态遗产地空间消费中的利益网络变迁 ——以丽江古城为例

活态遗产地空间的消费决定了生产,而生产又创造了消费.活态遗产地空间消费是活态性要素的消费化表征,具体表现为传统建构、地点塑造和生活重构3种活动.采用社会网络分析法,以丽江古城为例,研究历史城镇型活态遗产地空间消费中的利益网络变迁,结果发现:当地政府机构始终占据利益网络的主导地位,并与旅游企业结为联盟;在开发阶段,国有企...     

基于图像识别的移动机器人自动完成充电

移动机器人正在慢慢普及到我们的生活当中,而移动机器人在移动过程中消耗电能,当电能耗尽时需要人工为移动机器人进行充电,提出一种基于图像识别的方法,让机器人自动完成充电。移动机器人通过对图像的纹理分析和对兴趣点的快速匹配SIFT算法完成移动机器人识别电源插座,实现自动充电。本文的方法充分考虑到由于移动机器人的灵活多变性对所采集到的图像造成的影响,如图像旋转,图像周围有遮挡物体等,用纹理分析与SIFT算法识别插座,当所采集的图像与机器人本身记忆的图像达到一定匹配度时,移动机器人将完成自动充电。     

Exploring pathways to food science careers in Southern California: A case study in food science career development

Southern California is a diverse region that is home to a high concentration of food science companies, with an increasing demand for additional food scientists and technologists to join this workforce. Despite this abundance of food science companies and the high demand for jobs, there is currently a shortage in the number of qualified food scientists and technologists in the region. This shortage is also observed within higher education, with declining enrollments in the food science graduate and undergraduate programs across Southern California. Here, we conduct a case study to explore the factors that influence students from Southern California to pursue or not pursue careers in food science. We surveyed both undergraduate and graduate students currently enrolled in food science as well as industry professionals in the region to determine sources of knowledge about the discipline, and motivations and barriers for pursuing careers in food science. We also surveyed high school educators in the region to gain additional perspectives on how food science is being introduced at the secondary level, if at all. Our results demonstrate that many students and high school educators are not knowledgeable about career options within food science and that students who are pursuing food science largely report similar motivations for pursuing the discipline as those currently working in the food science industry. We conclude by discussing implications for the food science education community within Southern California and beyond.     

《化工基础》课程教学方法的探索与实践

根据高校教学及《化工基础》课程的特点,分别从重视情感教育,改进教学方法,提高教学手段等方面,具体地探讨如何充分发挥教师的主导作用,以此来培养学生对《化工基础》课程的学习兴趣并进而取得良好课程教学效果的方法。并从教学实践中证明了这些方法的有效性。     

激发学习精细有机合成化学兴趣的探究

精细有机合成化学使学生掌握精细有机合成的单元反应,接触各种反应及其了解其在工业生产中的应用,是应用化工技术专业学生的重要课程之一。为此提出了几点提高学习精细有机合成化学兴趣的方法,有利于学生有机合成实验技能和综合素质的提高,确保教学质量的提高。     

电网建设外部环境中的利益群体关系分析——电网建设外部环境中的冲突及互适应机制研究之三

由于电网建设涉及面广、不同利益群体的利益相关性大、电网系统的安全复杂性高,电网建设受阻已经成为社会普遍关注的焦点之一。在对电网建设的整个流程进行分析的基础上,识别了电网建设外部环境中的主要利益群体,对相关利益群体之间的具体利益关系进行了分析。研究认为三个主要利益群体之间的利益关系存在着一种特殊情况,在这种情况下,电网建设当地村民并不完全像商业用地征地过程中失地农民在征地的利益冲突中表现的那样处于弱势地位。而是将电网建设当成与基层组织谈判的砝码,以阻挠施工为主要手段,施压基层组织,使其在与电网公司谈判中要求更高的补偿。电网建设中造成电网建设外部环境复杂的焦点是多方利益的平衡问题,特别是政策处理工作,就是电网公司、基层组织和当地村民三者利益的平衡问题。     

基于兴趣相似度的协作式垃圾邮件过滤方案

由于电子邮件在互联网上的广泛应用,出现了垃圾邮件的泛滥和占用网络带宽,垃圾邮件给用户正常收发邮件造成了严重困扰。提出了一种新的基于兴趣相似度的协作式邮件过滤方案,使得兴趣相似的用户迅速聚合成信息共享的团体,每个用户在团体内选择出最合适的过滤规则集进行有效的共享。实验表明,该方案在保持一定的过滤精度的同时有效降低了误判率。     

AVS标准中的灵活条带结构

通过对AVS和H.264/AVC中条带层语法的比较分析,针对现有条带相关技术的不足,在图像层和条带层之间,提出了灵活条带集技术。通过辅以非均衡差错保护策略,采用灵活条带集技术可以增强关注区域的抗误码能力。同时,可通过对条带集量化参数的调整实现基于区域的变质量编码,在总码率相当的情况下大大增强了关注区域的主客观质量。     

Guaranteed computable bounds on quantities of interest in finite element computations

We develop and compare a number of alternative approaches to obtain guaranteed and fully computable bounds on the error in quantities of interest of arbitrary order finite element approximations in the context of a linear second‐order elliptic problem. In each case, the bounds are fully computable and do not involve any unknown multiplicative factors. Guaranteed computable bounds are also obtained for the case when the Dirichlet boundary conditions are non‐homogeneous. This is achieved by taking account of the error incurred by the approximation of the Dirichlet data in the functional used to approximate the quantity of interest itself, which is found to generally give better results. Numerical examples are presented to show that the resulting estimators provide tight bounds with the effectivity index tending to unity from above. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.