An improved light attenuation technique for measuring large interfacial areas

A laser-based light attenuation technique was successfully used to measure interfacial areas as high as 5832 m²/m³ and Sauter mean bubble diameter varying between 50 and 5600 μm. Good agreement between this approach and the photographic technique was obtained particularly at low gas holdups.     

The Interlaminar Bond Strength of Flexible Polymer-Metal Laminates

An alternative test method to the traditional 180° “T” peel test has been developed for the measurement of interlaminar bonding in three-ply (polyester/aluminium/polypropylene) flexible-packaging, laminate materials. The new test is thought to involve mixed mode I (opening) and mode II (shearing) failure, and takes into account the yielding of the polypropylene layer during testing. The method allows more direct comparisons between materials to be made, and allows the measurement of strong bonds, where a peel test would result in yield or fracture of the substrate arms before debonding.     

微波介质陶瓷的界面特性及其对介电性能的影响

详细地总结了界面的偏析、扩散和润湿性对微波介电性能的影响机理。并评述了粉末的初始状态、烧结工艺、添加剂(掺杂)和烧结方法等因素对材料界面特性的影响，进而影响到材料介电性能的研究进展。最后指出了在微波介质陶瓷界面研究领域面临的问题及今后的发展方向。     

破乳剂浓度对聚合物驱原油乳状液破乳及界面性质影响

研究了嵌段聚醚型破乳剂对孤岛原油乳状液破乳和油水界面性质的影响。实验结果表明,对于三嵌段聚醚类破乳剂来说,破乳剂浓度在0~100 mg/L时,随着破乳剂浓度的增加,孤岛原油所形成的乳状液分水率增加,乳状液稳定性降低,破乳剂浓度继续增加,原油乳状液的分水率有所降低。而原油与含聚合物的水溶液间的界面张力随破乳剂浓度增加逐渐降低,界面剪切粘度有一最小值。界面张力及界面剪切粘度降低是乳状液稳定性降低与分水率增加的主要原因。     

界面扩展粘度的测量

介绍了界面扩展粘度κ的测定方法及其原理 ,列出了其相应的测定结果 ,同时对各种测定方法进行了分析与比较 ,并对它们的优缺点进行了讨论     

Dis-Bond Detection and the Possibility of Interfacial Stiffness Measurement with Real-Time Impulsive Stimulated Thermal Scattering

We describe a new, real-time, noninvasive method for dis-bond (delamination) detection which is based on a technique known as impulsive stimulated thermal scattering (ISTS). We first explain the ISTS technique and compare data from polyimide films tightly bound to silicon substrates with data from unsupported polyimide films. The observed differences in the data from these two cases are readily understandable and offer an unmistakable signature for delaminations. We demonstrate ISTS dis-bond detection by locating and mapping out randomly-distributed and spatially-fine regions of delamination in a polyimide film-silicon substrate system. Finally, we present two simple physical models of the interfacial region which comprehensively describe acoustic data from the tightly-bound and the unsupported samples. With insight from simulations using these models, we suggest how ISTS might be used to determine interfacial adhesion quality and we show how ISTS sensitivity to interfacial effects can be adjusted.     

在位分散聚合制备聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/二氧化硅复合材料研究

采用在位分散聚合方法制备聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 /二氧化硅微米级复合材料 ,讨论了不同表面性质的二氧化硅对材料拉伸性能、热性能、耐溶剂性能的影响 ,并用SEM、TG等手段研究了材料性能。结果表明 :由WD -70硅烷偶联剂处理过的二氧化硅微粒子填充的材料的各方面性能较好 ,由WD -10硅烷偶联剂处理过的二氧化硅填充的材料的拉伸性能次之 ,未经表面处理二氧化硅填充的材料的拉伸性能最差 ,后两者的热性能以及耐溶剂性能无明显差异     

超高分子质量聚乙烯纤维黏结强度增强方法研究

为提高超高分子质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维复合材料中纤维与树脂基体之间的界面黏结强度,提出通过不同质量分数的硅烷偶联剂KH-570处理纳米SiO_2对UHMWPE纤维进行表面改性。对改性处理后的纤维与乙烯基酯树脂进行黏结强度试验,发现硅烷偶联剂处理纳米SiO_2能有效提高纤维的界面黏结强度,同时使纤维保持一定的断裂强度。     

Surface and Interfacial Studies of Plasma-Modified Composite Surfaces

Model epoxy and bismaleimide compounds in thin film form were used to simulate epoxy and bismaleimide composite surfaces, in order to study compositional changes and interfacial reactions induced by oxygen plasma treatment. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IR-RAS) were used to probe chemical changes which occurred. XPS and IR-RAS were found to be complementary techniques in determining the nature of functional groups incorporated into surfaces by plasma treatment. IR-RAS analysis of the model surfaces following exposure to a liquid epoxy resin revealed that while adsorption of the liquid epoxy occurred on both plasma-treated and nonplasma-treated surfaces, the oxygen plasma-treated surface alone was capable of initiating ring-opening reactions in the epoxy. However, this effect was not observed unless immediate contact was made between the plasma-treated surface and the liquid epoxy resin, illustrating the short-lived reactivity of the functional groups on the plasma-treated surface.     

Separation of kinetics and mass-transfer in a batch alkoxylation reaction

The quantitative aspects of the role of interfacial mass-transfer and reaction kinetics in ethoxylation of lauryl alcohol were examined in a batch recirculation reactor. The liquid droplets falling through a gas column were obtained by utilizing a recirculation loop and a set of spray nozzles. The CO₂/NaOH reaction was employed to characterize the interfacial area. The alkoxylation reaction was studied at temperatures between 124°C and 171°C, at catalyst levels between 0.09 and 0.50 weight percent and at ethylene oxide partial pressures between 68 kPa and 204 kPa. A model was developed which permits the prediction of reactor performance at various operating conditions. The mass-transfer during free fall dominates the interfacial mass-transfer and the contributions during the drop formation and coalescence stages are small. The rate of ethylene oxide (EO) addition to lauryl alcohol was constant during the batch run, indicating similar activity for the unreacted lauryl alcohol and the lauryl alcohol ethoxylated to varying extents. The rate of ethoxylation is first-order in both catalyst and ethylene oxide concentrations. The liquid-phase reaction kinetics and interfacial mass-transfer occur in series, with kinetics dominating the overall ethoxylation rate. As expected, an increasing role of mass transfer is observed at higher temperatures, and/or higher catalyst concentrations where the kinetic rate becomes significantly high. The intrinsic activation energy for the ethoxylation of lauryl alcohol is 55.2 kJ/mole.