Light‐Triggered Clustered Vesicles with Self‐Supplied Oxygen and Tissue Penetrability for Photodynamic Therapy against Hypoxic Tumor

Smart nanocarriers are of particular interest for highly effective photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the field of precision nanomedicine. Nevertheless, a critical challenge still remains in the exploration of potent PDT treatment against hypoxic tumor. Herein, light‐triggered clustered polymeric vesicles for photoinduced hypoxic tumor ablation are demonstrated, which are able to deeply penetrate into the tumor and simultaneously afford oxygen supply upon light irradiation. Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and poly(amidoamine) dendrimer conjugating chlorin e6/cypate (CC‐PAMAM) are coassembled with reactive‐oxygen‐species‐responsive triblock copolymer into the polymeric vesicles. Upon 805 nm irradiation, the vesicles exhibit the light‐triggered thermal effect that is able to decompose H₂O₂ into O₂, which distinctly ensures the alleviation of tumor hypoxia at tumor. Followed by 660 nm irradiation, the vesicles are rapidly destabilized through singlet oxygen‐mediated cleavage of copolymer under light irradiation and thus allow the release of photoactive CC‐PAMAM from the vesicular chambers, followed by their deep penetration in the poorly permeable tumor. Consequently, the light‐triggered vesicles with both self‐supplied oxygen and deep tissue penetrability achieve the total ablation of hypoxic hypopermeable pancreatic tumor through photodynamic damage. These findings represent a general and smart nanoplatform for effective photoinduced treatment against hypoxic tumor.     

He─Ne激光血管内照射配合放射治疗恶性肿瘤的临床观察

报告恶性肿瘤应用激光血管内照射（ＩＬＩＢ）配合放疗与单纯放疗的临床对比观察，两者肿瘤消退率分别为７３．２％和７０．９％（Ｐ＞０．０５）但前者放疗反应明显较轻未发现ＩＬＩＢ有促进肿瘤发展和转移的趋势及其他不良反应。     

肿瘤的光动力诊断和光动力治疗的研究进展

HPD等光敏化剂可以有选择地潴留在肿瘤内，激光诱导出的特征光谱可用于肿瘤的光动力诊断。当用一定波长的激光照射光敏物质分子时，它可以从基态跃迁激发单态，通过系际交叉过渡到激发三重态。处于三重态的光敏化剂分子通过能量转移，使三重态的氧变成对肿瘤细胞具有毒化作用的单态氧，从而实现了肿瘤的光动力治疗。     

Nanoagent-Promoted Mild-Temperature Photothermal Therapy for Cancer Treatment

Photothermal therapy (PTT), which utilizes near-infrared light-absorbing agents to ablate tumor, has emerged as a highly promising anticancer strategy and received intensive clinical trials in recent years. Mild-temperature PTT, which circumvents the limitations of conventional PTT (e.g., thermoresistance and adverse effects), is emerging and shows great potential in the forthcoming clinical applications. However, mild-temperature PTT without adjuvant therapy is not able to completely eradicate tumors because its therapeutic efficacy is dramatically impaired by its inferior heat intensity. As a result, strategies capable of enhancing the anticancer efficacy of mild-temperature PTT are urgently necessitated, which mainly rely on on-demand fabrication of functionalized nanoagents. In this review, the strategies of nanoagent-promoted mild-temperature PTT are highlighted. Furthermore, challenges and opportunities in this field are rationally proposed, and hopefully people can be encouraged by this promising anticancer therapy.     

Preparation and characterization of curcumin thermosensitive hydrogels for intratumoral injection treatment

Objectives: This paper describes the development and optimization of curcumin thermosensitive hydrogels (CTH), a kind of gel injection for intratumoral injection treatment.

Methods: Aimed at increasing the content and stability of effective components, an optimal formulation of CTH was chosen based on the results from orthogonal tests and the optimal pH was determined by stability test. To investigate the hydrogels drug release in vitro, residence time by RP-HPLC and therapeutic effects on ascitic hepatocarcinoma cell strain with high metastasis potential in lymphatic system (HCA-F) solid tumors in mice.

Key findings: The selected optimal formulation of CTH was: 0.2% curcumin, 20% poloxamer 407, 4% poloxamer 188, 8% polyethylene glycol 400, 12% 1,2-propanediol and pH was 6.0. The drug release determined by RP-HPLC fit to the Higuchi model. The residence time of CTH was longer than the curcumin suspensions. Intratumoral injection of the CTH can effectively inhibit the growth of HCA-F solid tumors in mice.

Conclusions: The CTH prepared in this test demonstrates proper gel temperature and viscosity. It improves the solubility of curcumin with a relatively long period of drug release in vitro and residence time. Intratumoral injection of the CTH can effectively inhibit the growth of HCA-F solid tumors in mice.     

~(111)In-DTPA-D-Phe~1-octreotide的动物实验

Somatostatin受体阳性肿瘤显像剂111In－DTPA－D－Phe1－octreotide在体内降解产物为111In－DTPA，给药后3h血中111In－DTPA占血中放射性的50％，尿中为40％。正常鼠与载胰腺癌裸鼠的动物实验表明：该显像剂的血液清除很快，注射后10min血液的％ID／g为注射后1min的50％；放射性主要从泌尿系统排泄，给药后4min膀胱显影，至30min双肾和膀胱的放射性含量达50％ID；T／B比值在给药后逐渐增高，至24h可达7．92；给药后0．5－24h均可进行载胰腺癌裸鼠模型上的肿瘤阳性显像，24h时相的图像质量最佳。     

叶酸受体靶向的聚乳酸共聚物的合成及性质

用氨基被保护的4-羟基-脯氨酸与L-丙交酯共聚合,得到含有活性氨基作为侧基的聚合物主链(PLLA-Hpr),通过DDC将叶酸与聚合物中的氨基反应,制得叶酸偶联的脯氨酸一乳酸共聚物(FA-PLLA-Hpr).采用1H-NMR、FT-IR确证了共聚物的结构,对比研究了共聚物的亲水性.结果表明成功地制备了叶酸受体靶向的聚乳酸共聚物.这种共聚物有望作为药物缓释领域的肿瘤靶向材料.     

卵巢交界性肿瘤保留生育功能术后妊娠与复发的临床分析

目的探讨卵巢交界性肿瘤不同临床分期保留生育功能的患者术后妊娠和复发的关系。方法 82例卵巢交界性肿瘤患者中,行保留生育功能手术的37例（保留组）和非保留生育功能手术的45例（非保留组）。回顾2组患者的临床资料,分析保留组的术后妊娠情况,比较2组的复发率。结果保留组平均随访40.7个月,非保留组平均随访37.3个月。保留组Ⅰ期患者术后妊娠率为43.5%（10/23）,Ⅱ-Ⅲ期患者术后妊娠率为9.0%（1/11）,Ⅰ期的术后妊娠率明显高于Ⅱ-Ⅲ期患者（P〈0.05）。保留组患者中有2例（复发率为5.4%）复发,非保留组有1例（复发率为2.2%）复发,2组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论临床分期较低的患者术后妊娠率较高,卵巢交界性肿瘤术后肿瘤复发与临床分期无明显关系。     

IV and IP administration of rhodamine in visualization of WBC‐BBB interactions in cerebral vessels

Epi‐illuminescence intravital fluorescence microscopy has been employed to study leukocyte‐endothelial interactions in a number of brain pathologies. Historically, dyes such as Rhodamine 6G have been injected intravenously. However, intravenous injections can predispose experimental animals to a multitude of complications and requires a high degree of technical skill. Here, we study the efficacy of injecting Rhodamine 6G into the peritoneum (IP) for the purpose of analyzing leukocyte‐endothelial interactions through a cranial window during real time intravital microscopy. After examining the number of rolling and adherent leukocytes through a cranial window, we found no advantage to the intravenous injection (IV). Additionally, we tested blood from both routes of injection by flow cytometry to gain a very precise picture of the two methods. The two routes of administration failed to show any difference in the ability to detect cells. The study supports the notion that IP Rhodamine 6G works as efficaciously as IV and should be considered a viable alternative in experimental design for investigations employing intravital microscopy. Facilitated intravital studies will allow for more exploration into cerebral pathologies and allow for more rapid translation from the laboratory to the patient with less chance of experimental error from failed IV access. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:894–899, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.