~(111)In-DTPA-D-Phe~1-octreotide的动物实验

Somatostatin受体阳性肿瘤显像剂111In－DTPA－D－Phe1－octreotide在体内降解产物为111In－DTPA，给药后3h血中111In－DTPA占血中放射性的50％，尿中为40％。正常鼠与载胰腺癌裸鼠的动物实验表明：该显像剂的血液清除很快，注射后10min血液的％ID／g为注射后1min的50％；放射性主要从泌尿系统排泄，给药后4min膀胱显影，至30min双肾和膀胱的放射性含量达50％ID；T／B比值在给药后逐渐增高，至24h可达7．92；给药后0．5－24h均可进行载胰腺癌裸鼠模型上的肿瘤阳性显像，24h时相的图像质量最佳。     

Targeting Protein Kinases in Blood Cancer: Focusing on CK1α and CK2

Disturbance of protein kinase activity may result in dramatic consequences that often lead to cancer development and progression. In tumors of blood origin, both tyrosine kinases and serine/threonine kinases are altered by different types of mutations, critically regulating cancer hallmarks. CK1α and CK2 are highly conserved, ubiquitously expressed and constitutively active pleiotropic kinases, which participate in multiple biological processes. The involvement of these kinases in solid and blood cancers is well documented. CK1α and CK2 are overactive in multiple myeloma, leukemias and lymphomas. Intriguingly, they are not required to the same degree for the viability of normal cells, corroborating the idea of “druggable” kinases. Different to other kinases, mutations on the gene encoding CK1α and CK2 are rare or not reported. Actually, these two kinases are outside the paradigm of oncogene addiction, since cancer cells’ dependency on these proteins resembles the phenomenon of “non-oncogene” addiction. In this review, we will summarize the general features of CK1α and CK2 and the most relevant oncogenic and stress-related signaling nodes, regulated by kinase phosphorylation, that may lead to tumor progression. Finally, we will report the current data, which support the positioning of these two kinases in the therapeutic scene of hematological cancers.     

Hyperprogressive Disease: Main Features and Key Controversies

Along with the positioning of immunotherapy as a preferential treatment for a wide variety of neoplasms, a new pattern of response consisting in a sudden acceleration of tumor growth has been described. This phenomenon has received the name of “hyperprogressive disease”, and several definitions have been proposed for its identification, most of them relying on radiological criteria. However, due to the fact that the cellular and molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated yet, there is still some debate regarding whether this fast progression is induced by immunotherapy or only reflects the natural course of some highly aggressive neoplasms. Moreover, contradictory results of trials including patients with different cancer types suggest that both the incidence, the associated factors and the implications regarding prognosis might differ depending on tumor histology. This article intends to review the main publications regarding this matter and critically approach the most controversial aspects.     

IV and IP administration of rhodamine in visualization of WBC‐BBB interactions in cerebral vessels

Epi‐illuminescence intravital fluorescence microscopy has been employed to study leukocyte‐endothelial interactions in a number of brain pathologies. Historically, dyes such as Rhodamine 6G have been injected intravenously. However, intravenous injections can predispose experimental animals to a multitude of complications and requires a high degree of technical skill. Here, we study the efficacy of injecting Rhodamine 6G into the peritoneum (IP) for the purpose of analyzing leukocyte‐endothelial interactions through a cranial window during real time intravital microscopy. After examining the number of rolling and adherent leukocytes through a cranial window, we found no advantage to the intravenous injection (IV). Additionally, we tested blood from both routes of injection by flow cytometry to gain a very precise picture of the two methods. The two routes of administration failed to show any difference in the ability to detect cells. The study supports the notion that IP Rhodamine 6G works as efficaciously as IV and should be considered a viable alternative in experimental design for investigations employing intravital microscopy. Facilitated intravital studies will allow for more exploration into cerebral pathologies and allow for more rapid translation from the laboratory to the patient with less chance of experimental error from failed IV access. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:894–899, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

卵巢交界性肿瘤保留生育功能术后妊娠与复发的临床分析

目的探讨卵巢交界性肿瘤不同临床分期保留生育功能的患者术后妊娠和复发的关系。方法 82例卵巢交界性肿瘤患者中,行保留生育功能手术的37例（保留组）和非保留生育功能手术的45例（非保留组）。回顾2组患者的临床资料,分析保留组的术后妊娠情况,比较2组的复发率。结果保留组平均随访40.7个月,非保留组平均随访37.3个月。保留组Ⅰ期患者术后妊娠率为43.5%（10/23）,Ⅱ-Ⅲ期患者术后妊娠率为9.0%（1/11）,Ⅰ期的术后妊娠率明显高于Ⅱ-Ⅲ期患者（P〈0.05）。保留组患者中有2例（复发率为5.4%）复发,非保留组有1例（复发率为2.2%）复发,2组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论临床分期较低的患者术后妊娠率较高,卵巢交界性肿瘤术后肿瘤复发与临床分期无明显关系。     

2021 Update on Diagnostic Markers and Translocation in Salivary Gland Tumors

Salivary gland tumors are a rare tumor entity within malignant tumors of all tissues. The most common are malignant mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and acinic cell carcinoma. Pleomorphic adenoma is the most recurrent form of benign salivary gland tumor. Due to their low incidence rates and complex histological patterns, they are difficult to diagnose accurately. Malignant tumors of the salivary glands are challenging in terms of differentiation because of their variability in histochemistry and translocations. Therefore, the primary goal of the study was to review the current literature to identify the recent developments in histochemical diagnostics and translocations for differentiating salivary gland tumors.     

Magnetically Engineered Semiconductor Quantum Dots as Multimodal Imaging Probes

Light‐emitting semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) combined with magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents within a single nanoparticle platform are considered to perform as multimodal imaging probes in biomedical research and related clinical applications. The principles of their rational design are outlined and contemporary synthetic strategies are reviewed (heterocrystalline growth; co‐encapsulation or assembly of preformed QDs and magnetic nanoparticles; conjugation of magnetic chelates onto QDs; and doping of QDs with transition metal ions), identifying the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches. Some of the opportunities and benefits that arise through in vivo imaging using these dual‐mode probes are highlighted where tumor location and delineation is demonstrated in both MRI and fluorescence modality. Work on the toxicological assessments of QD/magnetic nanoparticles is also reviewed, along with progress in reducing their toxicological side effects for eventual clinical use. The review concludes with an outlook for future biomedical imaging and the identification of key challenges in reaching clinical applications.     

He─Ne激光血管内照射配合放射治疗恶性肿瘤的临床观察

报告恶性肿瘤应用激光血管内照射（ＩＬＩＢ）配合放疗与单纯放疗的临床对比观察，两者肿瘤消退率分别为７３．２％和７０．９％（Ｐ＞０．０５）但前者放疗反应明显较轻未发现ＩＬＩＢ有促进肿瘤发展和转移的趋势及其他不良反应。