鲜罗汉果海带复合固体饮料的研制

以鲜罗汉果和海带为原料,提汁并配以适量的鲜柠檬汁和β-环糊精,经混合调配、灭菌、真空浓缩、真空干燥、粉碎、过筛等工艺生产罗汉果海带固体饮料。试验结果得出较优的工艺和配方为:鲜罗汉果提汁工艺为破碎→水浸→加温→过滤;饮料配方为鲜罗汉果汁∶海带提取液为21∶,β-环糊精0.2g/100mL混合液,鲜柠檬汁5mL/100mL。所制得的固体饮料冲调性好、冷热水均速溶,酸甜适口,具有浓郁的罗汉果风味。     

海带酒的研制

介绍了海带酒的工艺流程,该产品不仅营养价值高,风味独特,而且还具有一定的保健作用。     

Supplementation of Ascophyllum nodosum meal and monensin: Effects on diversity and relative abundance of ruminal bacterial taxa and the metabolism of iodine and arsenic in lactating dairy cows

Previous research has shown that the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum (ASCO) has antimicrobial and antioxidant properties and also increases milk I concentration. We aimed to investigate the effects of supplementing ASCO meal or monensin (MON) on ruminal fermentation, diversity and relative abundance of ruminal bacterial taxa, metabolism of I and As, and blood concentrations of thyroid hormones, antioxidant enzymes, and cortisol in lactating dairy cows. Five multiparous ruminally cannulated Jersey cows averaging (mean ± standard deviation) 102 ± 15 d in milk and 450 ± 33 kg of body weight at the beginning of the study were used in a Latin square design with 28-d periods (21 d for diet adaptation and 7 d for data and sample collection). Cows were fed ad libitum a basal diet containing (dry matter basis) 65% forage as haylage and corn silage and 35% concentrate and were randomly assigned to 1 of the following 5 dietary treatments: 0, 57, 113, or 170 g/d of ASCO meal, or 300 mg/d of MON. Supplements were placed directly into the rumen once daily after the morning feeding. Diets had no effect on ruminal pH and NH₃-N concentration, which averaged 6.02 and 6.86 mg/dL, respectively. Total volatile fatty acid concentration decreased linearly in cows fed incremental amounts of ASCO meal. Supplementation with ASCO meal did not change the ruminal molar proportions of volatile fatty acids apart from butyrate, which responded quadratically with the lowest values observed at 56 and 113 g/d of ASCO supplementation. Compared with the control diet or diets containing ASCO meal, cows fed MON showed greater molar proportion of propionate. Diets did not affect the α diversity indices Shannon, Simpson, and Fisher for ruminal bacteria. However, feeding incremental levels of ASCO meal linearly decreased the relative abundance of Tenericutes in ruminal fluid. Monensin increased the relative abundance of the CAG:352 bacterial genus in ruminal fluid compared with the control diet. Linear increases in response to ASCO meal supplementation were observed for the concentrations and output of I in serum, milk, urine, and feces. Fecal excretion of As increased linearly in cows fed varying amounts of ASCO meal, but ASCO did not affect the concentration and secretion of As in milk. The plasma activities of the antioxidant enzymes and the serum concentrations of thyroid hormones did not change. In contrast, circulating cortisol decreased linearly in diets containing ASCO meal. The apparent total-tract digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein increased linearly with ASCO meal, but those of neutral and acid detergent fiber were not affected. In summary, feeding incremental amounts of ASCO meal decreased serum cortisol concentration, and increased I concentrations and output in serum, milk, feces, and urine.     

复方海带代餐粉润肠通便作用研究

目的 对富含膳食纤维和不饱和脂肪酸的复方海带代餐粉进行润肠通便作用研究。方法 采用盐酸洛哌丁胺构建便秘小鼠模型,将100只昆明种雄性小鼠随机分为两大组,分别进行小肠运动实验和排便实验,每组再分别随机分为空白对照组、模型对照组和复方海带粉高、中、低剂量组：6.58 g/kg、3.29 g/kg、1.65 g/kg（分别相当于人体推荐量的10倍、5倍、2.5倍）,干预14 d后,通过检测小鼠小肠墨汁推进率、首粒排黑便时间、6 h内排便粒数和重量,并计算粪便含水量,分析其对小鼠润肠通便功能的影响。结果 在便秘模型构建成功的基础上,中、高剂量的复方海带粉能极显著提高便秘小鼠的小肠墨汁推进率,缩短首粒排黑便时间、增加6 h内排便粒数和质量,提高粪便含水量（P < 0.01）,以高剂量效果最佳。结论 该复方海带代餐粉能促进便秘小鼠的小肠运动,改善便秘,具有良好的润肠通便作用。     

正交试验优化海带中砷的脱除方法

以总砷和无机砷脱除率为考察指标,通过最佳食用脱除剂选择、单因素试验、正交试验和感官评定选出最佳脱砷工艺。结果表明,以3%柠檬酸脱除剂、料液比1:15(g/mL)、温度40℃、时间40min的脱砷工艺效果较为理想,总砷脱除率达到65.71%,无机砷脱除率达到74.39%。对脱砷后的海带样品进行基本营养成分分析发现,粗蛋白、粗脂肪、氨基酸和总糖含量均显著增加,灰分和矿物质元素含量有所减少,未对营养成分造成影响。     

不同品种海带膳食纤维的形态观察及物理性质

本文针对海带膳食纤维的组织形态与生理功能可能存在的联系进行探讨。本研究采用扫描电镜与石蜡切片的光学显微镜观察经不同处理方法的海带膳食纤维的组织形态,探讨了不同细度的海带膳食纤维同市售的膳食纤维商品在松装密度、堆积密度、持水力、膨胀力等物理性质的差别,结果发现海带膳食纤维的在功能性指标方面有着较好的品质,其组织形态与膨胀力、持水力与膨胀率等生理功能有着一定的联系。     

海带加工废弃碎料中多糖提取条件优化

通过海带多糖提取方法的实验,确定其优化条件为:试样与HCl溶液使用的比例1∶40;浸提温度60℃;HCl浓度0.05 mol/L;浸提时间30 min。3种多糖产物醇沉条件分别为:褐藻糖胶浓度70%,时间48 h;褐藻淀粉浓度为85%,时间24 h;褐藻胶浓度为85%,时间24 h。可以从海带加工废弃碎料中得到含量为28.972%的多糖。     

海带泡菜自然发酵工艺

为了研究海带泡菜自然发酵的工艺,采用绿茶和甘草复配的脱腥液对海带进行除腥,结果表明:绿茶与甘草按照4∶2的质量比混合后,配制成浓度为2%的脱腥液,30℃下浸泡10 min,海带的脱腥效果较好。通过L9(34)正交试验得出复水海带的脆化处理的优化条件为:CaCl2浓度0.5%、温度30℃、浸泡时间10 min;海带泡菜的优化工艺条件:食盐7%,糖9%,在35℃条件下发酵10 d。     

海带生物有机活性碘的提取、分离、纯化和结构验证测定

分离提取纯化海带中的有特殊补碘功效的有机活性碘,确定其结构,为科学补碘提供正确依据.方法步骤是:水浸提后,超微过滤除去大分子杂质;等电沉淀富集有机活性碘;活性炭柱特异性吸附分离后,纸层析分离单体组分;获得的单体组分经过熔点测定、质谱分析、红外光谱分析,并与DIT(3,5-二碘酪氨酸)标准品对比,确定其结构.结果发现,海带浸提过程中,存在三碘(无机碘、有机碘、总碘)溶出平衡曲线,50～55℃浸提温度下,浸提周期10～12 h最为合理;pH 5.0～5.3的等电沉淀,可以富集79%的海带有机碘;纸层析,得到80 mg海带有机活性碘纯品;熔点测定结果,该品的熔点为(323±2)℃,与DIT标准品的(323±1.5)℃接近;海带中有特殊补碘功效的有机活性碘质谱分析、红外光谱分析结果,与DIT标准品分析结构吻合,确定这种活性碘为3,5-二碘酪氨酸.     

多糖稀土复合物作为果蔬脱毒死蜱清洗剂的应用研究

研究了茶多糖稀土复合物及海带多糖稀土复合物对黄瓜和西红柿中毒死蜱的降解效果。结果表明,茶多糖稀土复合物及海带多糖稀土复合物能有效降解果蔬中的毒死蜱残留,降解率高达85.4%和82.4%。同时,还研究了茶多糖稀土复合物及海带多糖稀土复合物对受试样品体内相关酶活性和品质指标的影响。结果显示,将茶多糖稀土复合物及海带多糖稀土复合物作为果蔬脱毒死蜱清洗剂使用是可行的。