多项式与一类代数数域域元素的判别式的闭形式

本文作者给出了多项式的判别式公式,它是一种仅用其系数即可算出的一种行列式形式的公式,由此推出了xn+αx2+bx+c的判别式的几种闭形式。     

Identification and Validation of a Discrete Element Model for Concrete

The use of a three-dimensional discrete element method (DEM) is proposed to study concrete structures submitted to dynamic loading. The aim of this paper is to validate the model first in the quasistatic domain, and second in dynamic compression, at the sample scale. A particular growing technique is used to set a densely packed assembly of arbitrarily sized spherical particles interacting together, representing concrete. An important difference from classical DEMs where only contact interactions are considered, is the use of an interaction range. First, the correct identification of parameters of the DEM model to simulate elastic and nonlinear deformation including damage and rupture is made through quasistatic uniaxial compression and tension tests. The influence of the packing is shown. The model produces a quantitative match of strength and deformation characteristics of concrete in terms of Young’s modulus, Poisson’s coefficient, and compressive and tensile strengths. Then, its validity is extended through dynamic tests. The simulations exhibit complex macroscopic behaviors of concrete, such as strain softening, fractures that arise from extensive microcracking throughout the assembly, and strain rate dependency.     

氯化稀土与丙氨酸固体配合物的研究

LnCl_3·nH_2O和丙氨酸在水相介质中按物质的量比为1∶1和1∶3混合,制得6个新的氯化稀土与丙氨酸的配合物,通式为LnCl_3·L·6H_2O和LnCl_3·3L·nH_2O(Ln为Nd,Dy,Yb;L为丙氨酸)。通过化学分析、元素分析、红外光谱、热重分析及X光粉末衍射等方法对这些配合物进行了物理化学性质及结构表征。     

《本草纲目》养生思想探微

《本草纲目》是我国中医药发展史上重要的里程碑,书中记载了大量养生方面的内容。笔者在通读整部著作的基础上,联系中医发展情况,从五行生克、道家服食、五味宜忌三个方面对其养生思想进行了探索性研究。     

离子液体浮选分离模拟乏燃料中的稀土元素

从乏燃料中高效分离稀土元素（中子毒物）是实现乏燃料再生循环利用的关键步骤。利用双有机相离子液体选择性浮选分离乏燃料中的稀土元素,使氧化铀和稀土氧化物几乎不被溶解,实现两者固相之间的分离,避免了二次废液的产生,具有节能和环保的双重意义。以2-乙基己基膦酸单-2-乙基己基酯（P507）为稀土元素的捕收剂、煤油或油酸为稀释剂,以1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐（［C₄mim］［PF₆］）和1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺盐（［C₄mim］［Tf₂N］）两种离子液体作为浮选体系的另一相,优化得到了浮选分离稀土氧化物的最佳条件。结果发现：浮选分离去除率随着混合物中初始Nd含量以及浮选次数的增加而增加。另外,对所有稀土元素与U₃O₈分别组成的二元体系混合物进行了浮选分离研究,发现在相同条件下,该体系对不同稀土元素的分离也不同,浮选分离的去除率与稀土氧化物的密度有一定的相关性。在此基础上,利用浮选机开展了工艺化的初步探索,发现该浮选体系对Nd的去除率可达80%以上。     

工程创新的“壁垒-陷阱”分析

工程创新是指那些发生在工程活动中的创新。在提出“壁垒－陷阱”创新模型的基础上,从“要素－集成”视角,剖析了工程创新的壁垒和陷阱。要素壁垒和陷阱主要来自于信息、技术、资本和市场,集成壁垒和陷阱主要来自于沟通、耦合、制度和文化。本文对这些形形色色的壁垒和陷阱进行分析,尝试描绘出工程创新的“壁垒－陷阱”图景。     

施工管理科学化的论述

施工管理中的施工技术管理、质量管理以及生产要素管理是施工管理的主要方面,处理好三者之间的关系以及解决好三个方面中的任何一方面是在施工中面临的重要问题     

基于多结构元的形态图像边缘检测算法

基于修正的边缘检测算子和形态滤波思想,提出一种新的多结构元素形态学灰度图像边缘检测算法。在该算法中,自适应确定权重,并将各个结构元素下的检测信息进行加权求和,得到噪声存在条件下较为理想的图像边缘。仿真结果表明所给算法效果优于经典的边缘检测方法。     

基于形态学多结构元多尺度的自适应边缘检测

数学形态学广泛应用于图像处理和模式识别领域;针对形态学单结构元在边缘检测中边缘信息丢失的问题,提出了用不同方向的结构元素对图像进行多尺度检测的自适应边缘检测方法;首先利用形态学高低帽运算对原始图像进行平滑处理,采用差分最大值确定结构元素的方向,利用形态学运算调整结构元素尺度,改进了数学形态学边缘检测算法;实验结果表明,与传统边缘检测算法相比,该算法在保持图像边缘清晰的同时.有很强的去除噪声能力.     

Numerical Simulation of Brittle Damage in Concrete Specimens

A framework for damage mechanics of concrete is applied to simulate the nonlinear elastic deformation behavior of concrete using finite element method (FEM). A rather simple isotropic damage model containing essentially no adjustable parameters is shown to produce results in remarkably good agreement with sample experimental data: the damage law requires only the fracture energy to be defined completely. The model is achieved by introducing a damage surface that is similar to the yield function in the conventional theory of plasticity. A special form of damage surfaces is constructed to illustrate the application of the model. A new damage criterion, defined as an equivalent strain norm, is proposed, in order to take into consideration the asymmetric behavior of concrete. For verifying the FEM program including the model, deformations predicted by this model are compared with both the experimental ones for the concrete structural model and the ones calculated without application of the continuum damage mechanics.__________Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 3, pp. 57 – 74, May – June, 2005.