Effects of layup sequences on stresses of thick composite cantilever tubes

In this study, a new simple-input displacement-based method is used to study effects of layup sequences on stresses, strains, and deformations of thick laminated orthotropic cantilever straight tubes under transverse loading. Three-dimensional stress distributions are obtained based on the most general displacement field of elasticity. A layer-wise theory which includes the full three-dimensional constitutive relations is used. A non-dimensional simple coefficient is introduced to compare interlaminar radial stresses of different layup sequences. Finally, some design guidelines are proposed to consider effects of layup sequences of laminated thick composite tubes subjected to shearing load.     

A layer-wise MITC9 finite element for the free-vibration analysis of plates with piezo-patches

The present article considers the free-vibration analysis of plate structures with piezoelectric patches by means of a plate finite element with variable through-the-thickness layer-wise kinematic. The refined models used are derived from Carrera’s Unified Formulation (CUF) and they permit the vibration modes along the thickness to be accurately described. The finite-element method is employed and the plate element implemented has nine nodes, and the mixed interpolation of tensorial component (MITC) method is used to contrast the membrane and shear locking phenomenon. The related governing equations are derived from the principle of virtual displacement, extended to the analysis of electromechanical problems. An isotropic plate with piezoelectric patches is analyzed, with clamped-free boundary conditions and subjected to open- and short-circuit configurations. The results, obtained with different theories, are compared with the higher-order type solutions given in the literature. The conclusion is reached that the plate element based on the CUF is more suitable and efficient compared to the classical models in the study of multilayered structures embedding piezo-patches.     

前向神经网络的神经元分层逐个线性优化快速学习算法

本文提出了一种新的前向神经网络快速分层学习算法.在此学习算法中,其优化策略为对输出层和隐层神经元的连接权值交替优化.对输出层权值优化算法采用基于广义逆的最小二乘递推算法,对隐层神经元的连接权值采取则对每个神经元逐个进行优化,而且采用正交变换加快每一步学习的计算速度和提高算法的数值稳定性.当学习过程停滞时采用随机扰动的方法摆脱过早收敛.数值实验表明,与BP动量因子法、牛顿型方法和现有的分层优化算法相比,新算法不仅学习速度快学习时间短,而且当网络规模增大时仍然比较有效.     

受扩建工程影响的老垃圾填埋场沉降分析

以苏州七子山垃圾填埋场扩建工程为例，利用数值模拟和分层总和沉降法分析老场垃圾堆体在新填埋堆体作用下的“二次沉降”规律。结合老场垃圾土的现场试验数据，利用有限差分软件FLAC3D对堆载过程中老场垃圾土的沉降进行了模拟。结果表明，在新场封场时，老场沉降呈“穹隆”状；最大沉降发生在中间部位，最大沉降量约为老场堆体厚度的20%左右。数值分析计算结果约为分层总和法计算结果的1.2倍。     

Adversarial attacks on text classification models using layer-wise relevance propagation

Due to the nested nonlinear structure inside neural networks, most existing deep learning models are treated as black boxes, and they are highly vulnerable to adversarial attacks. On the one hand, adversarial examples shed light on the decision-making process of these opaque models to interrogate the interpretability. On the other hand, interpretability can be used as a powerful tool to assist in the generation of adversarial examples by affording transparency on the relative contribution of each input feature to the final prediction. Recently, a post-hoc explanatory method, layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP), shows significant value in instance-wise explanations. In this paper, we attempt to optimize the recently proposed explanation-based attack algorithms (EAAs) on text classification models with LRP. We empirically show that LRP provides good explanations and benefits existing EAAs notably. Apart from that, we propose a LRP-based simple but effective EAA, LRPTricker. LRPTricker uses LRP to identify important words and subsequently performs typo-based perturbations on these words to generate the adversarial texts. The extensive experiments show that LRPTricker is able to reduce the performance of text classification models significantly with infinitesimal perturbations as well as lead to high scalability.     

地基非线性沉降计算的原状土割线模量法

地基的沉降计算如何较准确而又简便是工程实践中一直未很好解决的问题。为较好解决地基沉降计算这一重要难题,提出一种原状土割线模量法,就是利用原状土的压板试验曲线,假定压板试验曲线符合双曲线方程,利用Bussinesq解,建立不同荷载水平下土体的等效割线模量。对于实际基础,则根据土体不同深度的应力水平,从压板试验曲线确定原状土的割线模量,然后用于分层总和法进行地基非线性沉降计算,通过试验曲线的验证和实际工程的应用,证明该方法效果较好,可较准确计算地基的沉降。     

地基非线性沉降计算的原状土切线模量法

根据原状地基的载荷试验曲线,建立原状土的切线模量与应力水平关系的切线模量方程,对地基不同点根据其应力水平由切线模量方程确定计算点原状土的切线模量,用该切线模量对地基沉降进行分层总和法计算,其特点是切线模量是由原位试验得到的,能反映原状地基土的特点,同时考虑应力水平的影响,反映了土的非线性特点。     

主裙楼变厚度筏板计算分析

本文采用三维有限元法的三维退化层合单元法和分区积分技术，将桩土看成弹簧作用在筏板上，把群桩中单桩非线性刚度和土的刚度结合到总刚度中，建立起桩-土-筏相互作用简化方法，分析了高层建筑主裙楼采用平板式筏板和梁板式筏板相结合基础型式的桩筏基础的沉降和筏板中的应力等分布情况，并与实测结果进行了比较，结果比较一致。     

Best theory diagram for metallic and laminated composite plates

ABSTRACT

Best theory diagrams (BTDs) are reported in this article for the static analysis of metallic and laminated composite plates. A BTD is a curve that provides the minimum number of unknown variables of a structural theory for a fixed error. The error is related to a given variable with respect to an exact or quasi-exact solution. The theories that belong to the BTD have been obtained by means of the axiomatic/asymptotic technique, and a genetic algorithm has been employed to obtain the BTD. The Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF) has been employed to obtain refined models, since the CUF can generate automatically, and in a unified manner, any type of plate model. Equivalent single layer (ESL) and layer-wise (LW) kinematics are discussed. Closed-form, Navier-type solutions have been employed, and attention has therefore been restricted to simply-supported plates. The influence of various geometries, material properties, and layouts has been considered, and their influence on the BTD has been evaluated. Furthermore, some known theories have been evaluated and compared with the BTD curve. The results suggest that the BTD and the CUF can be considered as tools to evaluate the accuracy of any structural theory against a reference solution in a systematic manner.