掺杂铁的二氧化铅电极的制备及性能研究

主要研究了不锈钢/PbO₂电极和掺杂的不锈钢/Fe-PbO₂电极的制备,用其对有机废水的处理效果及影响因素来评价该电极的性能。实验结果表明:采用恒流阳极电沉积技术制备的PbO₂电极,掺杂和不掺杂铁的电极主要成分都是β-PbO₂;两电极外观都没有明显的裂纹等缺陷,掺杂铁的二氧化铅镀层颗粒大小镶嵌,很好地清除了内应力,保证了基材与镀层不易脱落,未掺杂铁的二氧化铅镀层颗粒细小、均匀,内应力有些大;将Fe（NO₃）₂添加至电沉积溶液中,致使PbO₂电沉积层的析氧电位向正方向移动,改善了PbO₂电极的电催化活性,以至于更有利于氧化降解有机物。用改性的Fe-PbO₂电极和常规的PbO₂电极分别降解初始浓度相同的邻苯二酚和苯酚有机物废水,改性的Fe-PbO₂电极对苯酚和邻苯二酚的去除率均高于常规的PbO₂电极。掺杂铁的二氧化铅电极较未掺杂电极有更好的电催化活性,更高的析氧电位,更适宜于用作电催化阳极。     

高温熔融-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定含铁尘泥中5种有害元素

准确、快速地测定含铁尘泥中有害元素,对含铁尘泥节能降废项目研究及综合利用有着重要的指导意义。实验针对含铁尘泥试样因含碳量高,导致常规酸溶解方法如果不增加除碳步骤则很难完全分解试样的问题,采用高温熔融法将试样制成熔融液后倾倒于稀酸中溶解的方法,解决了碳含量高难溶解的问题。采用四硼酸锂-碳酸锂混合熔剂在高温下将试样熔融,熔融液高温倾倒于稀酸中制成澄清溶液,由于骤冷,试样炸裂成微小玻璃珠,无迸溅,操作简单,使得后续溶解过程快速完成,从而建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)测定P、Pb、K、Na、Zn共5种有害元素的方法。按照实验方法测定含铁尘泥中P、Pb、K、Na、Zn,测定值的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=9)在1.4%～5.7%之间,加标回收率在96%～110%之间。研究结果表明方法能够满足含铁尘泥样品中5种元素的定量分析要求。     

Fabrication of composite wire of lead coated on glass fiber by extrusion

1　INTRODUCTIONCoatingglassfiberwithleadproducesakindofnewcontinuouscomposite ,whichcanfindwideap plicationsinmanydifferentfields ,especiallyinthebatteryoftheEVsandHEVsthathasalreadybecomethemostimportantgoalinmostcountries[13] .Withakindofspecialtechnologythiskindofnewcompos itewirecanbeusedtoproducegridsofnewleadacidbatterythatisveryusefultotheEVsandHEVs .Thiskindofnewleadacidbatteryhasmanyadvan tages ,suchashigherspecificenergy ,lessinnerresis tance ,morequicklychargingcapabilityand…     

Microstructure and properties of cutting magnesium-brass containing no lead

1 INTRODUCTIONLead-brass has excellent cutting ability , me-chanical and physical properties and is one of themost widely used copper alloys . The occupationratio of brass tube to all kinds of tubes reaches90 % in developed countries . The cutting lead-brass is a dual-phase brass and fine lead particlesdistribute dispersivelyin grains and on grain boun-ries . Theleadin wasted brass can easily beleachedand dissolvedinto soil .If the wasted lead-brass isburned in air ,the lead will become p…     

PBSZT系大功率压电陶瓷极化工艺的研究

为探索大功率低损耗压电陶瓷材料的最佳制备工艺,对改性锆钛酸铅压电陶瓷Pb0.9Ba0.05Sr0.05(Sn1/3Nb2/3)0.06(Zn1/3Nb2/3)0.06Ti0.44Zr0.44O3 0.5wt%MnO2 0.5wt%Sb2O3的极化工艺进行研究。结果表明,该体系的最佳极化电场为4Kv/mm,极化温度120℃左右,此时得到的陶瓷性能较佳。     

Lead recovery from aqueous environment by using porous carbon of citrus fruits waste: equilibrium,kinetics and thermodynamic studies

ABSTRACT

The mixture of citrus fruits (orange, grapefruit, mandarin, and lemon) wastes was utilized to obtain high surface area activated carbon (AC) by H₃PO₄ activation. The production conditions were optimized and the optimum conditions were determined. The optimal-activated carbon (CFWAC) was characterized by various physicochemical techniques. CFWAC was also used as a sorbent for Pb (II) ions from water. Batch experiments were performed to explore the adsorption capacity and mechanism. The Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model showed good fitness to the experimental data. The maximum Pb (II) adsorption capacity of CFWAC was found to be 163.93 mg/g.     

碱式碳酸铅的生产工艺研究

介绍了由氧化铅与冰醋酸在一定温度下反应生成碱式醋酸铅，碱式醋酸铅在一定条件下与二氧化碳反应生成碱式碳酸铅，再经沉淀、抽滤，制得结晶产品。探讨了溶液pH、反应温度、二氧化碳流量、水中的杂质、总铅质量分数等对碱式碳酸铅结晶的影响，得出了制备碱式碳酸铅的最佳工艺条件：pH=6．5时停止通入二氧化碳，反应温度25～30℃，二氧化碳流量控制在0．5～3L／min，把河水或自来水经过离子交换处理，溶液中总铅质量分数控制在2％～5％。     

Aging Behavior of xPb(Fe2/3W1/3)O3· (1 –x)Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3 Ceramic

The aging behavior of a series of lead perovskite dielectrics with the compositions x Pb(Fe_2/3W_1/3)O₃·(1 – x )Pb(Fe_1/2-Nb_1/2)O₃, where 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, and the effect of dopants were studied. Below the Curie temperature ( T _c), the capacitance and the dissipation factor (tan δ) decrease approximately linearly with logarithmic time. The aging rate depends on the temperature difference, Δ T , between the aging temperature and T _c, and on the dopant concentration, but is independent of the measurement frequency between 1 and 1000 kHz. The maximum aging rate is about 3% per decade of time for capacitance and 5% per decade for tan δ at 1 mol% dopant concentration, and increases to 6.3% for capacitance and 8.5% for tan δ at 0.7 mol% dopant concentration. These results are consistent with an aging mechanism caused by changing ferroelectric domain structure with time, as proposed for BaTiO₃.     

锰掺杂对PNW-PMS-PZT压电陶瓷结构和性能的影响

采用传统陶瓷工艺制备了Pb(Ni1/2W1/2)O3-Pb(Mn1/3Sb2/3)O3-Pb(Ti，Zr)O3-xMnO2压电陶瓷，分析了经1150℃烧结2h制备的陶瓷样品的相结构组成。实验结果表明：所有陶瓷样品均为钙钛矿相，未发现其它晶相。随着锰掺杂量的增加，陶瓷晶粒逐渐长大。研究了不同剂量的锰掺杂对压电陶瓷介电和压电性能的影响。结果表明：随着锰掺杂量的增加，材料逐渐变“硬”，当MnO2掺杂量少于0．2％(按质量计，下同)时，相对介电常数εr、压电常数d33和机械品质因数Qm逐渐增加，介电损耗tanδ减小；当MnO2掺杂量多于0．2％时，εr、d33和Qm逐渐降低，tanδ增加。随着锰掺杂量的增加，机电耦合系数kp和Curie温度θc逐渐减小。MnO2掺杂量为0．2％的压电陶瓷适合制作大功率压电陶瓷变压器。其压电性能为：εr=2138，tanδ=0．0058，kp=0．613，Qm=1275，d33=380pC／N和θc=205℃。     

三盐基硫酸铅的生产工艺条件研究

介绍了氧化铅法中硝酸铅法生产三盐基硫酸铅两种生产工艺 ,对氧化铅法中硫酸的加入量、酸度、温度、时间等生产条件进行了研究 ,确定了最佳生产工艺条件 ,并对两种方法进行了简单对比