离子注入修饰电极在药物测定中的应用

离子注入是一成熟的材料表面改性技术,可按人们的意愿和需要,将不同的离子注入不同的基体电极表面,制成具有催化活性强、稳定性高、重现性好等特点的修饰电极。阐述了离子注入修饰电极的特点和研究意义,综述了离子注入修饰电极在抗生素测定和抗肿瘤药物测定中的应用。     

Hybrid Nanoparticles and Composite Hydrogel Systems for Delivery of Peptide Antibiotics

The growing number of drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria poses a global threat to human health. For this reason, the search for ways to enhance the antibacterial activity of existing antibiotics is now an urgent medical task. The aim of this study was to develop novel delivery systems for polymyxins to improve their antimicrobial properties against various infections. For this, hybrid core–shell nanoparticles, consisting of silver core and a poly(glutamic acid) shell capable of polymyxin binding, were developed and carefully investigated. Characterization of the hybrid nanoparticles revealed a hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 100 nm and a negative electrokinetic potential. The nanoparticles demonstrated a lack of cytotoxicity, a low uptake by macrophages, and their own antimicrobial activity. Drug loading and loading efficacy were determined for both polymyxin B and E, and the maximal loaded value with an appropriate size of the delivery systems was 450 µg/mg of nanoparticles. Composite materials based on agarose hydrogel were prepared, containing both the loaded hybrid systems and free antibiotics. The features of polymyxin release from the hybrid nanoparticles and the composite materials were studied, and the mechanisms of release were analyzed using different theoretical models. The antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated for both the polymyxin hybrid and the composite delivery systems. All tested samples inhibited bacterial growth. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of the polymyxin B hybrid delivery system demonstrated a synergistic effect when compared with either the antibiotic or the silver nanoparticles alone.     

5-Benzylidene-4-Oxazolidinones Are Synergistic with Antibiotics for the Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms

The failure of frontline antibiotics in the clinic is one of the most serious threats to human health and requires a multitude of novel therapeutics and innovative approaches to treatment so as to curtail the growing crisis. In addition to traditional resistance mechanisms resulting in the lack of efficacy of many antibiotics, most chronic and recurring infections are further made tolerant to antibiotic action by the presence of biofilms. Herein, we report an expanded set of 5-benzylidene-4-oxazolidinones that are able to inhibit the formation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms, disperse preformed biofilms, and, in combination with common antibiotics, are able to significantly reduce the bacterial load in a robust collagen-matrix model of biofilm infection.     

Deacylation of Calcium-Dependent Antibiotics from Streptomyces violaceoruber in Co-culture with Streptomyces sp. MG7-G1

When Streptomyces violaceoruber grows together with Streptomyces sp. MG7-G1, it reacts with strongly induced droplet production on its aerial mycelium. Initially the metabolite profile of droplets from S. violaceoruber in co-culture with Streptomyces sp. MG7-G1 was compared to samples from S. violaceoruber in single-culture by using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Then, the exudate from agar plates of co-cultures and single cultures (after freezing and thawing) was also analysed. Several compounds were only observed when S. violaceoruber was grown in co-culture. Based on their high-resolution ESI mass spectra and their comparable retention times to the calcium-dependent antibiotics (CDAs) produced by S. violaceoruber, the new compounds were suspected to be deacylated calcium-dependent antibiotics (daCDAs), lacking the 2,3-epoxyhexanoyl residue of CDAs. This was verified by detailed analysis of the MS/MS spectra of the daCDAs in comparison to the CDAs. The major CDA compounds present in calcium ion-supplemented agar medium of co-cultures were daCDAs, thus suggesting that Streptomyces sp. MG7-G1 expresses a deacylase that degrades CDAs.     

Enhanced photocatalytic degradation performance of organic contaminants by heterojunction photocatalyst BiVO4/TiO2/RGO and its compatibility on four different tetracycline antibiotics

Photocatalytic performance of four tetracycline antibiotics using BiVO₄/TiO₂/RGO composites was investigated. To make full use of catalysis, optimum preparation conditions involved RGO content, solution pH and hydrothermal temperature on the structure forming of BiVO₄/TiO₂/RGO composites were investigated. Subsequently, the obtained visible light-driven photocatalyst was used to degrade four kinds of tetracycline antibiotics involved tetracycline (TC), chlortetracycline (CTC), oxytetracycline (OTC) and doxycycline (DXC) for wastewater treatment. Results showed that BiVO₄/TiO₂/RGO photocatalyst exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity and high compatibility due to the enhanced separation efficiency of photo-generated carriers with high reduction and oxidation capability. The degradation process of four kinds of tetracycline antibiotics was traced and detected through identifying intermediates produced in the reaction system. And a possible catalytic mechanism for BiVO₄/TiO₂/RGO photocatalyst was put forward based on band gap structure of BiVO₄ and TiO₂.     

嗜水气单胞菌拮抗芽孢杆菌抗菌素相关基因分析

分别对抗鲟源嗜水气单胞菌的解淀粉芽孢杆菌G1的抗菌素相关基因进行PCR扩增与测序,并对其编码产物的氨基酸序列、跨膜螺旋信号、结构域与二级结构等进行预测与分析。结果表明:菌株G1仅含有伊枯草菌素合成必需基因,该基因与GenBank基因库中芽孢杆菌属其他细菌的伊枯草菌素A、杆菌抗霉素D、抗霉枯草菌素等伊枯草菌素家族基因自然聚类,与枯草芽孢杆菌MH25株和RB14株的伊枯草菌素A基因16S rRNA序列有98%的高度同源性,而且其编码产物的氨基酸序列与GenBank中芽孢杆菌属其他细菌的伊枯草菌素、伊枯草菌素A、脂肽类化合物Bacillorin、芽孢菌素D等抗菌物质的氨基酸序列有高度同源性,与枯草芽孢杆菌MH25的伊枯草菌素A合成酶B(GenBank登录号:ABY89499)的亲缘关系最近。此外,菌株G1伊枯草菌素合成必需基因的编码产物不具有明显的跨膜结构,但其结构域中存在AMP结合位点和PP结合位点,二级结构中存在α螺旋、伸展链、β转角和无规则卷曲。     

植物内生菌抗菌活性物质研究进展

讨论了利用植物内生菌作为抗菌活性物质重要来源的基本机制 ,简要介绍了内生菌产生抗菌活性物质的研究进展 ,同时提出了利用内生菌筛选抗菌活性物质的策略。     

液相色谱-质谱联用检测乳中β-内酰胺类抗生素研究进展

β-内酰胺类抗生素是畜牧和牛乳生产中最广泛应用的、治疗动物细菌感染的抗生素。由于它们常用作治疗细菌感染的兽药,因此对于动物性食品和乳中β-内酰胺类抗生素的残留量分析是很重要的。论述了在检测牛乳中β-内酰胺类抗生素中的最新应用状况,表明液相色谱-质谱联用法(LC-MS)是一种高灵敏度和选择性的检测方法,具有广阔的发展前景。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定猪肝中的大环内酯类抗生素

建立了猪肝中大环内酯类抗生素螺旋霉素(SPI)、北里霉素(KIT)、替米卡星(TILM)和泰乐菌素(TYL)的高效液相色谱(二极管阵列检测器)检测方法。样品经甲醇提取,Bond Elut SCX固相萃取柱(500 mg,3 mL)净化,液相色谱分析采用Waters Atlantis~(TM)dC_(18)柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为0.025 mol/L磷酸缓冲液-乙腈(pH 2.5)梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min。方法的检出限为0.01～0.037μg/mL,在0.2～20μg/ mL范围内峰面积与质量浓度成良好线性关系,相关系数大于0.998。在2、0.5、0.2μg/mL 3个添加水平下,回收率范围为69.2%～93.2%,精密度<12。方法灵敏,实用性强。     

Distribution of POPs,pesticides and antibiotic residues in organic honeys from different production areas

Demand for honey is increasing, especially if it is organic and if its nutritional properties are linked to untreated environments in order to guarantee quality for health. Sources of contamination of honey can be divided into environmental and apicultural. Therefore, the distribution of persistent organic pollutants, pesticides and antibiotic residues from geographical areas with different contamination sources (high anthropic impact, intensive farming, husbandry and low anthropic impact) was investigated in order to confirm the potential transfer of xenobiotics into the supply chain and to give beekeepers tools for the selection of areas dedicated to organic production. The presence of polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ether and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was confirmed, not only in proximity to highly urbanised centres, where the concentrations were higher, but in all environment contexts, confirming their ubiquity. No antibiotics or neonicotinoids were detected in 95 organic honeys, demonstrating the absence of apicultural treatments and consequently the good quality of honey of different areas. These results are important due to the undefined regulatory European situation on honey antibiotic limits.