直接提取-超高压液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法检测原料奶及奶制品中的四环素类抗生素

目的 建立直接提取-超高压液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法(UPLC-ESIMS/MS)同时测定原料奶及奶粉中土霉素、四环素、金霉素、强力霉素4种四环素类药物的分析方法。方法 原料奶及奶粉样品经少量高氯酸沉淀蛋白、低温冷冻除脂后, 用C18色谱柱分离, 以0.1%甲酸水和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱, 电喷雾串联质谱正离子模式扫描, 多反应监测模式(MRM)检测, 外标法定量。结果 4种四环素族药物在1~1000 ng/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好, 相关系数r均在0.993以上。本方法的定量限为(S/N≥10)为原料奶5μg/kg, 奶粉25 μg/kg, 在10、50、100 μg/kg三个加标水平下, 加标回收率为73.4%~99.4%, 相对标准偏差为0.8%~14.3%(n≥6)。结论 该方法简便快速、灵敏可靠、经济有效, 适用于原料奶及奶粉中土霉素、四环素、金霉素和强力霉素4种四环素族药物残留的测定。     

Analysis of sulphonamide residues in edible animal products: A review

The methods of analysis for sulphonamide residues in edible animal products are reviewed. Sulphonamides are widely used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes in both humans and animals, sometimes as growth promoters as additives in animal feed. As a result of their widespread use, there is concern about whether the levels used of these drugs can generate serious problems in human health, e.g., allergic or toxic reactions. Several methods for the determination of sulphonamides have been reported in the literature and this review considers high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS), gas chromatography (GC), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE), enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), biosensor immunoassay (BIA) and microbiological methods. Specific aspects of analysing sulphonamides, such as sample handling, chromatographic conditions and detection methods are discussed. Methods for drug residue monitoring should be accurate, simple, economical in both time and cost, and capable of detecting residues below the maximum residue limits (MRL). The current sulphonamide detection technologies are based on chromatographic methods or bacteriological growth inhibition. The instrumental methods such as HPLC and GC are both sensitive and specific, but are laborious and expensive. Because of the labour-intensive processes, only a few cases of GC methods applied to residue analysis have been published. These methods are suitable for confirmation but not for screening of large numbers of samples. Microbiological methods do not require highly specialized and expensive equipment. They also use highly homogeneous cell populations for testing and thus result in better assay precision. Although HPCE has powerful separation ability, the precision is poor and the instrument still needs to be improved. To date, this technique has not been widely applied to routine analysis. Currently, TLC has been almost replaced by other instrumental analysis. A rapid, sensitive and specific assay is required to detect positive samples in routine analysis, which can then be confirmed for the presence of sulphonamides by HPLC. Immunochemical methods such as ELISA can be simple, rapid and cost-effective, with enough sensitivity and specificity to detect small molecules. This review can be considered as a basis for further research aimed at identifying the most efficient approaches.     

A Novel Biocidal Nanocomposite: Spherical Silica with Silver Ions Anchored at the Surface

This article is devoted to a novel class of antimicrobial agents: nanocomposites composed of spherical silica and silver ions located at the silica’s surface with the assumed distribution. Such materials are in high demand due to the increasing threat from bacterial strains that are becoming resistant to currently known antibiotics. In particular, we focus on materials that make it possible to limit the growth of bacterial colonies on a variety of tactile surfaces. In this paper, we present a method for preparing a silica-based nanocomposite containing silver ions and the analysis of their antimicrobial properties. Our research revealed that the presence of tested nanocomposite induces very high oxidative stress in the bacteria cell, damaging and modifying bacterial DNA, creating oxidized guanines, cytosines, or adenines, which causes its very rapid destruction, leading to cell death.     

An Original and Efficient Antibiotic Adjuvant Strategy to Enhance the Activity of Macrolide Antibiotics against Gram-Negative Resistant Strains

Gram-negative bacteria were reported as a significant cause of infections in both community and nosocomial settings. Considered as one of the greatest threats to public health, the spread of bacteria drug resistance and the lack of effective alternative treatment options remains problematic. Herein, we report a promising strategy to combat Gram-negative resistant strains consisting of the combination of a macrolide antibiotic with a polyaminoisoprenyl adjuvant derivative leading to a significant decrease of antibiotic resistance.     

Photocatalytic removal of heavy metal ions and antibiotics in agricultural wastewater: A review

In recent years, the treatment of agricultural wastewater has been an important aspect of environmental protection. The purpose of photocatalytic technology is to degrade pollutants by utilizing solar light energy to stimulate the migration of photocarriers to the surface of photocatalysts and occur reduction-oxidation reaction with pollutants in agricultural wastewater. Photocatalytic technology has the characteristics of high efficiency, sustainability, low-energy and free secondary pollution. It is an environmental and economical method to recover water quality that only needs sunlight. In this paper, the mechanism and research progress of photocatalytic removal of heavy metal ions and antibiotics from agricultural water pollution were reviewed by combining photocatalytic degradation process with agricultural treatment technology. The mechanism of influencing factors of photocatalytic degradation efficiency was discussed in detail and corresponding strategies were proposed, which has certain reference value for the development of photocatalytic degradation.     

Adsorption of oxytetracycline from aquaculture wastewater by modified carbon nanotubes: kinetics,isotherms and thermodynamics

Abstract

In the present study, lanthanum modified carbon nanotubes (La-CNTs) were prepared by the impregnation method and used as adsorbents to remove oxytetracycline (OTC) from aquaculture wastewater. La-CNTs were characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD, BET analysis. The effects of adsorbent dosage, concentration of OTC, adsorption time, pH and interfering ions on the adsorption of OTC by La-CNTs were investigated. The optimum adsorbent dosage, OTC concentration, adsorption equilibrium time and pH for OTC adsorption by La-CNTs are 0.03?g, 20?mg/L, 180?min and 7, respectively. The outcome of the kinetics studies showed a significant linear correlation between the experimental results and the quasi-second-order kinetics model. As an adsorption isotherm model, the Langmuir model showed a very good consistency with the adsorption of OTC by La-CNTs, as the maximum adsorption quantity reached 117.23?mg/g. Through the thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption of OTC by La-CNTs was an endothermic process of entropy increase, which occurs spontaneously. The predominant forces promoting this adsorption were van der Waals force, π-π electron donor-acceptor interaction, and electrostatic interaction.     

抗生素瓶塞中重金属含量测定方法的改进

抗生素瓶塞中重金属主要有铅、镉、锑等。重金属的含量通常是以测定其硫化物的含量来判定的。重金属含量是否合格是控制瓶塞质量的一项重要指标。     

QUALITY INTERACTION IN A JET SPOUTED BED DRYER FOR BIO-PRODUCTS

An experimental study was conducted to apply the jet spouted bed (JSB) dryer with inert bodies for drying of fodder antibiotic; (zinc-salt bacitracin and tylosin) and baker's yeast which are extracted from fermentation broth. After establishing the drving properties of these products (e.g. sorption isotherm, water activity and thermostability), the influence of basic drying parameters (temperature of drying agent, bed loading, gas flow rate) on drying characteristics and quality of the products was determined. The results proved that a JSB dryer may be successfully applied to fodder antibiotics; especially to Zn-bacitracin; however, for a highly labile live organism like baker's yeast, this method cannot be used. The optimal parameters for drying of Zn-bacitracin have been presented.