THERMODYNAMICS AND PHASE EQUILIBRIUM OF Cu－Y－O，Cu－Y－S，Cu－Y－O－S LIQUID SOLUTIONS

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Ferroelectric liquid crystals: Excellent tool for modern displays and photonics

The ferroelectric liquid crystals, because of their fast electro‐optical response, are one of the most important classes of liquid crystals. Here, in this review, we have summarized the different electro‐optical modes for ferroelectric liquid crystals. Clark–Lagerwall effect (surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal), deformed helix ferroelectric (DHF) effect, electrically suppressed helix (ESH) mode, DHF orientational Kerr effect, and ESH diffraction modes have been discussed. All of the crucial features, that is, optics, electro‐optics, dynamics, and their dependence on material parameters, operational regime, and applications, have been reviewed.     

基于LabVIEW 8.0测定纯液体蒸发焓的虚拟仪器

将常规的数字温度仪与压力计通过串行口和计算机连接,构建基于LabVIEW 8.0测定纯液体蒸发焓的虚拟仪器,实现实验数据的动态采集、实时显示、自动绘制p～T曲线并显示曲线方程、自动数据处理和写成结果报告等。应用结果表明:基于LabVIEW构建的测定纯液体蒸发焓的虚拟仪器,免除人工操作的繁琐和人为误差,测定乙醇和苯蒸发焓的相对误差分别为0.86%、-2.97%,提高了测量结果的准确度,且具有界面友好,操作简便和功能易扩展等诸多优点。     

Liquid crystal oligo(cyclosiloxanes)

The synthesis and properties of individual liquid crystal oligo(cyclosiloxanes),, wherex=4–8 andR is a 4-methoxyphenyl-4-alkyloxybenzoate type of mesogenic group, is described. Preliminary results concerning the effect of ring size on the mesophase formation are included. X-ray diffraction studies have shown that the cyclosiloxanes form a smectic A₁ phase.     

Energy conversion at liquid/liquid interfaces: artificial photosynthetic systems

This chapter focuses on multielectron reactions in organized assemblies of molecules at the liquid/liquid interface. We describe the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of such reactions, including the structure of the reaction centers, charge movement along the electron transfer pathways, and the role of electric double layers in artificial photosynthesis. Some examples of artificial photosynthesis at the oil/water interface are considered, including water photooxidation to the molecular oxygen, oxygen photoreduction, photosynthesis of amphiphilic compounds and proton evolution by photochemical processes.     

Ultrafast Switchable Passive Radiative Cooling Smart Windows with Synergistic Optical Modulation

Switchable passive radiative cooling (PRC) smart windows can modulate sunlight transmission and spontaneously emit heat to outer space through atmospheric transparent window, presenting great potential in building energy conservation. However, realizing stable and on-demand control of the cooling efficiency for PRC materials is still challenging. Herein, an electro-controlled polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) smart window showing PRC property is designed and prepared by adding mid-infrared emitting reactive monomers into the conventional PDLC matrix. It is found that not only the electro-optical properties but also the PRC efficiency of PRC PDLC film are tunable by regulating the content of the mid-infrared emitting components, film thickness, and micromorphology. This advanced PRC PDLC material achieves a near/sub-ambient temperature when the solar irradiance is below 400 W m⁻² and can dynamically manage daytime cooling efficiency. Importantly, its PRC efficiency is capable of being tuned in an on-demand and ultrafast millisecond-scale way, whose controllable transparency enables multistage heat regulation. This study is hoped to provide new inspiration in the preparation of advanced optical devices and energy-efficient equipment.     

液氦温区大型低温制冷系统的可靠性评估

针对改进Claude循环的大型氦低温制冷系统,以制冷量不足为顶事件建立了故障树模型。利用结构法对故障树模型进行定性分析,分析得到系统的最小割集为18个。利用来自不同数据库的部件失效率对故障树模型进行定量计算,得到了不同的结果,并分析其原因。对各部件的关键重要度进行了计算,以衡量各个部件对系统发生故障的贡献程度。并通过增加系统冗余部件和提高关键部件可靠度等措施,为提高系统可靠性找到了有效的解决途径。     

Isochoric p-ρ-T Measurements on 1,1-Difluoroethane (R152a) from 158 to 400 K and 1,1,1-Trifluoroethane (R143a) from 166 to 400 K at Pressures to 35 MPa

The p--T relationships have been measured for 1,1-difluoroethane (R152a) and 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R143a) by an isochoric method with gravimetric determinations of the amount of substance. Temperatures ranged from 158 to 400 K for R152a and from 166 to 400 K for R143a, while pressures were up to 35 MPa. Measurements were conducted on compressed liquid samples. Determinations of saturated liquid densities were made by extrapolating each isochore to the vapor pressure, and determining the temperature and density at the intersection. Published p--T data are in good agreement with this study. For the p--T apparatus, the uncertainty of the temperature is ±0.03 K, and for pressure it is ±0.01% at p>3 MPa and ±0.05% at p<3 MPa. The principal source of uncertainty is the cell volume (28.5 cm³), which has a standard uncertainty of ±0.003 cm³. When all components of experimental uncertainty are considered, the expanded relative uncertainty (with a coverage factor k=2 and thus a two-standard deviation estimate) of the density measurements is estimated to be ±0.05%.     

化学因子分析法测定液体推进剂A

基于测定推进剂Ａ现有分析方法准确度低,神经网络法对仪器要求高等不足,提出了的一种新的分析方法。该方法利用已知酸的电位滴定数据建立多元线性回归数学模型,利用化学因子分解该模型,对未知样进行浓度测定。实际测定结果表明本方法的最大分析误差不超过０．１７％,标准偏差不超过１．９％,满足样品分析要求。