Synthesis of tetramethyl-p-silphenylenesiloxanedimethylsiloxane triblock copolymer by employing living anionic polymerization

Dimethylsiloxane-tetramethyl-p-silphenylenesiloxane-dimethylsiloxane (DMS-TMPS-DMS) triblock copolymer was synthesized by employing living anionic polymerization of hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D₃). Two synthetic methods were carried out for the polymerization. One of those methods was the anionic polymerization of D₃ initiated at the silanolate anion which was prepared from the terminal hydroxyl group of silanol-terminated TMPS prepolymer by reaction with n-butyllithium (method 1). The other was the coupling reaction of vinyl-terminated TMPS prepolymer with hydrosilyl-terminated DMS prepolymer obtained from the anionic polymerization of D₃ by using diphenylmethylsilanolate anion as initiator (method 2). In method 1, DMS contents of the copolymers ranged from 25.8 to 72.5 wt% and the values agreed with the ratio of D₃ to TMPS prepolymer. The weight-average molecular weights ranged from 1.36×10⁴ to 19.4×10⁴ and were close to the predicted values calculated from the $\text{M}\text{?}{}_{\mathrm{v}}$ of the TMPS prepolymer and the amount of D₃ added. In the case of method 2, weight-average molecular weights ranged from 19.5×10⁴ to 24.2×10⁴. The high molecular weight copolymer could thus be obtained by method 2. Intrinsic viscosity values of the triblock copolymers agreed with calculated values obtained by considering the copolymer as a binary mixture of these homopolymers. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry were carried out on the triblock copolymers. The equilibrium melting temperatures of each of the copolymers were very close to that of poly-TMPS (160°C). The glass transition temperature and heat of fusion were decreased as the DMS content was increased. The thermogravimetric curves for the copolymers indicated that the thermal stability of the triblock copolymer was intermediate between the DMS and TMPS homopolymers.     

Influence of structure and counterions on physicochemical properties of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates

The effects of different inorganic and organic counterions on the physicochemical behavior of three commercial linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) have been studied. It has been found that the counterion hydration radius of the corresponding commercial linear alkylbenzene sulfonates has great influence on solubility, viscosity, surface tension and critical micelle concentration (CMC). The counterion has no influence on the detergency performance of the finished formulation. The alkyl chain length and the presence of tetralines have an important influence on solubility, viscosity and surface tension.     

毛细管动态挤出下聚合物熔体非线性流变行为的研究

采用毛细管动态流变仪,选用PELD、PP、PS和PA等典型物料,研究了毛细管动态挤出下各聚合物熔体的非线性流变行为。结果表明,不同物料的流变行为对振动力场的响应特性有较大差异,只有在一定的振幅和频率下振动力场才能有效降低熔体的黏度。实验首次发现,PP、PS和PA存在窄的振动参数区域,在此区域内,熔体的动态表观黏度值大于相应的稳态值,出现“加振变黏”现象。这一新的发现表明,并非“只要引入振动就一定有利于聚合物材料的成型加工”,必须考虑不同分子结构的聚合物材料对振动的不同响应规律。     

河工模型量测控制系统设计与应用——以赣江下游尾闾整治工程为例

赣江下游尾闾综合整治工程物理模型建于室外,且模拟河流多级分叉,对整个模型测控系统运行的可靠性以及室外的防雷性能提出了更高的要求。在分析现场情况的基础上,提出了一套较为先进的模型量测控制系统总体设计方案,控制系统由平水塔供水系统、流量控制系统、水位与流速测量系统、尾门控制系统、防雷接地系统、地形测量系统等量测子系统组成。简要介绍了各测量子系统工作原理,设计方案及实际应用情况,系统应用现代网络技术及高性能自动化测量仪器,可实现模型试验中各种参数的实时采集、控制和数据处理。试验结果表明,该测控系统可满足模型试验的测控需求。     

吡咯烷基-N-甲酸,丙烯酸乙二醇酯的合成及其光聚合动力学的研究

合成了不含氢键的低粘度的吡咯烷基-N-甲酸-丙烯酸乙二醇酯(PLW),并采用实时红外光谱法检测了光强和光引发剂浓度对光聚合动力学的影响。随着光强的增加光聚合的最终转化率基本不变,但是光聚合速率有明显的增加,并且达到最大聚合速率的时间也缩短。随着光引发剂浓度的增加,最终转化率和最大聚合速率都有了显著的增加。所合成单体的转化率在30 s内能达到90%以上。     

建筑陶瓷生产用印膏的研制

利用羧甲基纤维素钠（Na—CMC）、甘油、乙二醇和纯净水等为主要原料制备建筑陶瓷生产装饰用印膏，实验研究了工艺因素对印膏粘度和印刷性能的影响，优化出适合生产使用的印膏配方。结果表明：当Na-CMC的加入量在1．75g～2．25g之间，甘油15g，乙二醇20g，纯净水65g所制备的印膏具合适粘度和良好的印刷性能。     

高转化率SBR1712的合成和性能

分子量调节剂叔十二碳硫醇(TDM)采用分批加入方式,TDM补加量为0.35～0.45份;选用歧化松香酸钾和脂肪酸钠复合乳化剂,采用一次加入方式;在聚合速率为(7～8)%/h时,可制备出转化率达70%±2%的充油丁苯橡胶SBR 1712(充油量27.3%).在10L釜中进行扩大试验,所得试样的性能与JSR公司同类产品的性能相当.     

Comparison of relative viscosity measurement of polyvinylpyrrolidone in water by glass capillary viscometer and differential dual‐capillary viscometer

The relative viscosity (RV) of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with different molecular weights was measured with a glass capillary viscometer and with a differential dual‐capillary viscometer in water at different concentrations. For the differential dual‐capillary viscometer, RV increases with a decreasing flow rate, especially for high molecular weight PVP at a 1% concentration. A good agreement in the RV between the two methods can be obtained for PVP with different molecular weights and at various concentrations if an appropriate flow rate is selected for the differential dual‐capillary viscometer. Special precaution is needed when using the differential dual‐capillary viscometer to measure the viscosity of a pure solvent. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1312–1315, 2002     

塑料充模流动粘性模型研究

对多种塑料在不同温度下的剪切速率一稳态剪切粘度数据进行Cross粘性模型参数拟合，得到了表征材料粘度的模型参数(B，Tb，τ^*，n)。其拟合效果良好，能较准确地描述塑料熔体在一定剪切速率和温度范围内的粘流特性，为工程计算和塑料熔体模流分析提供了数据支持。结果表明，该方法有较广泛的适用性。     

The Viscosity of cottonseed oil,fractionation solvents and their solutions

Cold fractionation of cottonseed oil is made difficult by the high viscosity of the oil. This study was aimed at demonstrating the effect of solvents on the viscosity of mixtures between 0°C and 25°C with a view to facilitating the fractionation of refined cottonseed oil. The solvents used were acetone, methylethylketone, methylisobutylketone, hexane and heptane. Measurements of viscosity were carried out by means of a capillary viscometer. The ratio of the viscosity of cottonseed oil to that of pure solvents is of the order of 300. The viscosities of solutions of various ratios of solvent to oil (1/3, 1/1, 3/1) are between those of cottonseed oil and the pure solvents. The effect of the solvent/oil ratio overrides that of solvent nature. The effect of solvent in reducing the viscosity of cottonseed oil is by descending order: acetone, hexane, methylethylketone, heptane, methylisobutylketone.