驾驶疲劳状态波动性特征的识别方法

针对疲劳状态变化的波动性特征,基于心率变异性指标构建了一种驾驶疲劳状态识别方法.以驾驶行为绩效为疲劳客观测评指标,给出了适应疲劳波动性特征的驾驶疲劳分级方法.以心率变异性的3项时域指标、5项频域指标为特征因子构建驾驶疲劳识别特征向量,结合支持向量机提出了一种适应小样本的驾驶疲劳状态识别模型.采用10名驾驶员连续4 h的驾驶行为绩效与心电数据,对模型方法予以了测试.测试结果表明:10名驾驶员1级、2级疲劳状态的正确识别率介于70%~82%,平均正确识别率为75%.     

响应面法优化电Fenton深度处理煤化工废水

为得到电Fenton技术深度处理煤化工废水的最优条件参数,采用电Fenton技术深度处理生物稳定的煤化工废水,利用正交试验、响应面法和中心复合试验设计对影响电Fenton处理效果的主要因素进行优化,建立二次模型,并进行试验结果预测.结果表明:各因素对处理效果影响程度的顺序为p H电流密度Fe2+浓度.根据方差分析,二次模型具有很高的显著性,能够很好地预测试验结果.影响处理效果的3个主要因素的最优值分别为p H 4.13、Fe2+浓度1.56 mmol/L、电流密度14.74 m A/cm2,此时TOC去除率达61.58%.电Fenton可以作为煤化工废水深度处理的一种有效技术.     

充填采煤理论与技术的新进展及展望

充填采煤是绿色开采的核心,在综合阐述煤矿充填采煤技术发展历史的基础上,介绍了近年来我国综合机械化充填采煤理论及技术取得的重大突破,包括:长壁工作面采充一体化原理、综合机械化固体充填采煤技术、密实充填有效控制岩层运动的目标、充填采煤岩层移动预计的等价采高理论、密实充填采煤岩层移动的解析计算公式和充填采煤岩层移动与地表沉陷实测比较等.指出了研发新型低成本充填材料、提升充填采煤装备自动化水平、建立充填采煤基础理论与相关评价体系、协同充填采煤与地下水环境保护是煤矿充填采煤技术发展的必然趋势.     

窄粒级煤泥浮选经典动力学模型的改进

通过煤泥窄粒级浮选速率实验,以煤泥浮选一级动力学为基础,对煤泥浮选动力学的关键参数进行研究,包括最大可燃体回收率ε∞的计算、浮选级数n的确定、浮选速率常数K的变化.结果表明:浮选动力学模型中ε∞的经验解比模型解更符合实际;窄粒级煤泥的浮选动力学级数最符合一级动力学;窄粒级煤泥的浮选速率常数K是时间的函数,可用幂函数或经验公式表达,先求出ε∞的经验解,再求解K(t)函数,所得模型非常符合煤泥浮选特征的浮选动力学模型.     

煤粉源集合体对水力压裂效果的影响

煤粉颗粒在压裂液中发生"造浆"及"聚集"作用是影响煤层气藏水力压裂效果的关键.构造煤粉源集合体对压裂效果影响显著,研究结果表明:原位状态下,煤粉以构造煤粉源和原生裂缝煤粉源集合体两种形式赋存.前者体积在20~30m3之间,呈顺层和断层两种产状,其明显受煤储层小微构造的控制;后者规模很小,主要分布在内生裂隙缝间,其受煤变质程度和煤岩类型影响.煤层气完井期间,井筒附近构造煤坍塌扩径,构造煤粉源卸压膨胀,煤粉颗粒启动难度降低;压裂期间,在压裂液动压、紊流搅动作用下,煤粉颗粒均匀混合在流体中形成浆体;排采期间,回排的压裂液中煤粉含量较高,导致气井近井部位压裂裂缝及炮眼较早地堵塞,气井减产.而原生裂缝内煤粉在压裂液中通过颗粒疏水相互作用发生聚集,在压裂裂缝内形成堵塞,但堵塞程度较轻.稳定压裂液注入排量、减小流速,利用煤储层小微构造解剖技术预测构造煤粉源集合体发育部位能够降低近井部位堵塞的风险,改善水力压裂效果.     

Investigation on experimental method of low-impedance materials using modified Hopkinson pressure bar

To increase the detectability of split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) of low-impedance materials, modifications were conducted on traditional SHPB apparatus with a PMMA tube to output transmitted signal, and weak signals were further amplified by semiconductor strain gauges. Experiments on soft rubbers and cushioning foam materials were carried out. In order to analyze the accuracy of the experimental results, the stress equilibrium issues involved in the assumptions of SHPB were investigated. First, by way of re-constructing loading process of incident wave, the stress-strain curve was obtained, along with the stress equilibrium ratio of specimen. Secondly, the influences on the accuracy of stress-strain curves were investigated through the elastic modulus comparisons. And the results illustrate that the bilinear incident wave from experiments can ensure the stress equilibrium deformation of specimen after 2 normalized times, much sooner than ramp incident waves. Moreover, it even facilitates specimen deformation with a constant strain rate. The results confirm that the detectability of the modified SHPB can be down to tens kPa with enough accuracy level.     

Microstructural characterization of Cu/Al composites and effect of cooling rate at the Cu/Al interfacial region

Cu/Al composites are of vital importance in industrial applications because of their numerous advantages. The influence of bond-ing temperature and cooling rate on the microstructure and morphology of ...     

Optimal Design of Two-Chamber Gas Distributor with CFD Approach

Computational fluid dynamics( CFD) is used to investigate a new type of two-chamber natural gas distributor,which has a natural gas inlet and nine nozzle outlets. The uniformity at the outlet of distributor is practice proven to have significant degree influence on its comprehensive performance. To improve the uniformity at the nozzles of the gas distributor,CFD modeling with the RNG k-ε turbulence model is undertaken to understand the mass flow rate of nozzles with reference to different length of chambers and the most optimal length is obtained. The internal flow pattern of the natural gas distributor is analyzed. It is found that the local maximum deviation of the nozzle outflow rate increases with the increase of chambers length when the length is more than 64 mm. The results provide useful suggestions for the optimal design of two-chamber natural gas distributor.     

电化学氧化与还原联合处理偶氮染料废水的效能

以Sb掺杂Ti/SnO2电极为阳极,铝板为阴极,设计了一种电化学氧化与电化学还原联合作用反应器.以浓度为100mg/L甲基橙模拟废水为研究对象,探究了电化学氧化与电化学还原联合作用的处理效能,并运用紫外-可见吸收光谱初步探究了甲基橙的降解机理.结果表明:在电流密度为20 mA/cm2、电解质浓度为0.10mol/L条件下,先电化学还原反应60 min再电化学氧化60 min联合处理甲基橙模拟废水,甲基橙的脱色率为94%,COD去除率为85%,处理能耗为0.21k Wh/g(COD).降解前后的紫外-可见吸收光谱的变化表明,电化学联合作用先使甲基橙的偶氮键断裂,然后破坏其苯环共轭体系,从而使甲基橙降解.