Effect of FSW parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of AM20 welds

This paper aims to demonstrate the successful friction stir welding (FSW) conditions of AM20 magnesium alloy. The maximum yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of weld were found to be 75% and 65% of the base metal strength, respectively. The maximum bending angle of the welded joint was 45°. Observations revealed that less plunging depth, high shoulder diameter, and low tool rotational speed and welding speed give better tensile properties. Maximum temperature was observed at 1?mm away from the tool shoulder toward the advancing side. Micro-hardness variation is found to be decreasing along the depth of the weld, and nugget zone (NZ) gives the higher hardness values when compared with base material (BM) and other welded zones. Needle-like grains of the BM became equiaxed grains due to grain recrystalized by the FSW process. The grains in the NZ were finer than thermo-mechanically affected zone and almost same size of grains observed at bottom, middle, and top of the NZ.     

马钢板坯连铸机铸坯凝固偏移起始位置的测定与计算

马钢四钢轧板坯连铸机生产过程中发现铸坯在二冷过程中内、外弧冷却极不均匀,铸坯组织出现等轴晶区向外弧方向严重偏移。通过射钉试验确定铸坯综合凝固系数,并对铸坯低倍组织的测量获得铸坯凝固组织发生不均匀的起始坯壳厚度,再结合二冷区坯壳厚度的计算公式就可推导出铸坯凝固组织偏移的起始位置。     

A 2-D FINITE ELEMENT MODEL SIMULATION OF THE MELTING PROCESS OF AI-Ti ALLOY IN VACUUM INDUCTION FURNACE WITH COLD CRUCIBLE （VIFCC）

The development of a numerical model for the melting process of AI-Ti alloy target material in vacuum induction furnace with cold crucible (VIFCC) was described. It is a two-dimensional computational methodology to calculate electromagnetic field, heat transfer field and fluid flow field . Based on the aid of the finite element method with the commercial software--ANSYS, a superimposition method of a layer of copper and a slit to simulate the VIFCC melting process was used. The method was effective to save large quantity of memory and computing time. Meanwhile, a temperature distribution profile during the melting process was obtained. Validity of the model was confirmed by comparison between the result from calculation and those from direct measurement by optical pyrometer and indirect investigation by ingot macrostructure. A relatively good agreement was found. Further, a nearly directional solidification structure was obtained under properly controlling the cooling rate and heating power. Therefore. such model developed in this article is feasible.     

局部加压铝合金的宏观组织与成分偏析

研究了两种不同凝固特性的铝合金在局部加压条件下的宏观组织与成分偏析.结果表明:加压使加压杆周围的组织细化,糊状凝固特性的AC4B合金中等轴晶晶粒比层状凝固的ADC12细小.铜的成分分析显示AC4B合金易在加压杆下方形成负偏析;且离加压杆端面越近,偏析程度越大.ADC12合金仅在加压杆圆柱面下方5mm处有轻微的负偏析,其偏析程度不受加压开始时间的影响.与形成的负偏析相对应,在加压杆圆柱面周围则形成了正偏析.     

工艺参数对冷坩埚定向凝固钛合金宏观组织的影响

用电磁冷坩埚进行定向凝固可以将电磁冷坩埚和定向凝固技术的优点相结合，为难熔、活泼金属的定向凝固开辟新的方法，但工艺过程复杂，影响因素众多，为了解冷坩埚定向凝固过程和宏观组织演变规律，本实验通过正交实验得到了工艺参数对宏观组织的影响规律，研究发现抽拉速度是影响宏观组织最主要的因素，其他因素影响不显著，随抽拉速度降低，晶粒数量明显减少，当抽拉速度为1mm／min时，能获得定向凝固组织。理论分析表明，工艺参数通过影响驼峰和凝固界面的位置和形状，以及吸收和导出的热量而影响宏观组织。     

一种Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V合金锻件的宏观与微观组织特征分析

研究了Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V合金环锻件的宏观和微观组织，分析了锻件的变形和热处理工艺。对Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V合金环锻件采用了β→α β温度区域的热变形工艺，即在卢区温度下开始变形，α β区温度下结束变形，锻件的退火温度略低于β相的临界分解温度了TK；采用β→α β温度区域热变形的锻件具有中等强度水平，良好的室温冲击性能和高温蠕变、持久性能；β→α β温度区域的变形工艺具有简化变形工序、降低变形抗力的优点，但变形时间的控制较难掌握，需一定的实践探索。     

Macrostructures and mechanical properties of ultrasonic-assisted friction stir welding joint of 2024-T3 aluminium alloy

In friction stir welding of aluminum alloys, tunnel defect may occur due to insufficient plastic material flow caused by lower heat input in the weld region. The inadequacy in heat input is due to improper selection of friction stir welding tool and process parameters. Ultimately, such defects degrade the properties of weld and may pose serious concerns towards the integrity and safety of the weld component. In order to improve the properties of weld joints, an ultrasonic-assisted friction stir welding device has been configured where ultrasonic energy is transferred from an ultrasonic unit directly into one of the workpieces near the tool. Using this configuration, ultrasonic-assisted friction stir welding was conducted on 6 mm thick 2024-T3 aluminum alloy sheets. The macrostructure and mechanical properties of these welds were compared with the welds of this alloy prepared by conventional friction stir welding using identical process parameters. The results show that the welding speed can be increased while satisfactory weld quality is still ensured. The ultrasonic energy transferred in this configuration could enlarge the volume of weld nugget zone. Also, the influence of ultrasonic energy on the suppression or elimination of the tunnel defect is quite apparent. However, any beneficial effects of ultrasonic vibration on the tensile strength and the elongation of the joint were less obvious in this configuration.     

2A70铝合金五级盘锻件侧面开裂原因

通过对2A70铝合金五级盘锻件宏观组织和显微组织的分析，研究了该锻件侧面开裂的原因，同时对该锻件的生产工艺进行了分析。提出了预防锻造裂纹的措施。     

钢构件磁粉探伤的聚磁成因分析

通过磁粉探伤、低倍检验、金相检验、电子探针等检验和分析方法,得出了由C38N2制成的某钢构件的聚磁成因,并从构件加工等角度,分析了该类裂纹的产生机理。     

低压交流脉冲对A357合金凝固宏观组织的影响

针对A357铝合金,利用低压交流脉冲处理,研究了脉冲电流对该合金凝固宏观组织的影响.试验结果表明:低压交流脉冲可实现铸件晶粒整体细化,且细化晶粒的电流密度存在一个阈值和饱和值.在凝固过程的不同阶段施加脉冲电流,发现细化作用只发生在形核阶段.低压交流脉冲电流密度对晶粒密度的影响规律与过冷度的影响相一致,脉冲电流在形核阶段可提供一个附加能量,降低形核势垒,导致晶核增殖,晶粒组织细化.