Influence of temperature on the tribochemical reactions of hexadecane

This paper investigates the tribochemical reactions of n‐hexa‐decane proceeding in a tribosystem lubricated by n‐hexadecane at ambient and elevated temperatures. It is hypothesised that, at ambient temperature, reactions are mostly initiated by the mechanical action of the system, and at elevated temperature (200°C) thermochemical reactions should be dominant. An experimental study was performed using a ball‐on‐disc machine with steel‐on‐steel mating elements. To analyse wear tracks, Fourier transform infrared microspectrophotometry (FTIRM) and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA/XPS) were used. To investigate chemical changes in the bulk lubri cant, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/ MS) was applied. The results provide clear evidence for the hypothesis that two types of oxygenation processes of n‐hexa ‐decane under boundary lubrication conditions should be considered. The first, at ambient temperature, is controlled by the mechanical action and the second is clearly controlled by temperature. The analytical techniques applied gave evidence of the formation of some reaction products from hexadecane under boundary lubrication conditions. These products include compounds having Fe‐O bonding (salts and chelates), carbonyl compounds, and iron carbide.     

两种方法制备的纳米水滑石晶体结构与热稳定性的比较研究

分别采用共沉淀法和机械力化学/原位结晶法制备纳米水滑石,通过X射线衍射( XRD)、场发射扫描电镜( FE-SEM)、热重-差示扫描量热分析( TG-DSC)及红外光谱( IR)等方法对比分析了两种纳米水滑石在表观形貌、晶体结构和热稳定性等方面的差异。结果表明,与共沉淀法制备的纳米水滑石相比,机械力化学/原位结晶法制备的纳米水滑石结晶度更高、晶粒呈规则的六边形片状形貌、晶粒粒径约为40 nm、粒度分布均匀,且在TG-DSC曲线上的吸热峰面积、失重量和失重速率较小,热稳定性更好。     

ANF/TiO2机械力化学复合对芳纶纳米复合纸抗紫外老化性能的影响

以芳纶纳米纤维(ANF)和纳米TiO₂为原料,基于机械力化学原理,采用超声共混法或球磨复合法实现ANF与纳米TiO₂复合,制备出具有优异抗紫外和强度性能的芳纶纳米复合纸(以下简称复合纸),探究了复合方法和纳米TiO₂添加量对复合纸抗紫外老化性能与强度性能的影响。结果表明,与传统的超声共混法相比,采用球磨复合法有利于改善ANF与纳米TiO₂的界面结合。当纳米TiO₂添加量为6%时,球磨法制备的复合纸断裂应力70.13 MPa,与未添加纳米TiO₂复合纸相比,纸张断裂应力提高了12%;同时,紫外老化后,该复合纸强度保留率为81.5%,与超声共混法相比提高了15.8个百分点。随着纳米TiO₂添加量的提高,球磨复合法制备的复合纸抗紫外老化性能改善效果更加明显。     

改性高岭土/钛氧化物复合材料的制备及其高电流变活性

采用sol-gel法和机械化学法相结合制备了改性高岭土/钛氧化物颗粒,与甲基硅油配制成电流变液。XRD、FTIR分析表明,钛氧化物以含介孔的非晶态形式包覆在经过机械化学法制备的高岭土/NaCl复合物上,形成改性高岭土/钛氧化物复合颗粒。电流变性能测试表明,当颗粒体积分数为25％,E=3 kV/mm时,复合颗粒电流变液的静态屈服应力达7 kPa,是高岭土电流变液的9倍。同时发现钛氧化物含量对电流变效应有重要影响。电流变液介电性能的变化是其流变学性能提高的起源。     

Fixation for biological ultrastructure. I. A viscometric analysis of the interaction between glutaraldehyde and bovine serum albumin

The increase in viscosity resulting from mixing concentrated solutions of albumin with dilute glutaraldehyde has been investigated. The viscosity changes are slow at first, very sensitive to small changes in glutaraldehyde concentration, and non-linear with time. The cross-linking of the albumin by glutaraldehyde seems to be retarded by the weak mechanical shear forces produced by the viscometer. The significance of these findings to the events in tissue fixation is discussed.     

超细粉碎机械化学的研究进展

介绍机械化学的发展历史和基本特征 ,阐述了超细粉碎机械化学中粉体晶体结构和物理化学性质变化、粉体机械化学反应的研究现状及其应用 ,展望了机械化学的发展前景     

Mechanochemical Post-Synthesis of Metal–Organic Framework-Based Pre-Electrocatalysts with Surface Fe?O?Ni/Co Bonding for Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution

Rational surface engineering of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) provide potential opportunities to address the sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the development of MOF-based materials with low overpotentials remains a great challenge. Herein, a post-synthesis strategy to prepare highly efficient MOF-based pre-electrocatalysts via all-solid-phase mechanochemistry is demonstrated. The surface of a Fe-based MOF (MIL-53) can be reconstructed and anchored with atomically dispersed Ni/Co sites. As expected, the optimized M-NiA-CoN exhibits a very low overpotential of 180 mV at 10 mA cm⁻² and a small Tafel slope of 41 mV dec⁻¹ in 1 m KOH electrolyte. The superior electrocatalytic OER activity is mainly due to the formation of surface Fe O Ni/Co bonding. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations reveal that the transformation from ^*OH to ^*O is the rate-determining step and the electrocatalytic OER activity trend at different metal sites is Co > Ni≈Fe.     

机械力化学对硅灰石瓷料的显微组织、相组成和相变规律的影响

以氧化物粉末为起始原料，通过高能球磨制备CaO，SiO2混合粉体，并经高温烧结制备了硅灰石陶瓷。用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、差热热重分析手段研究了高能球磨过程参数、热处理工艺制度等对混合粉体的相组成、显微组织、硅灰石的相组成及变化规律的影响和相关规律。结果表明：机械力化学作用能够细化晶粒、提高混合粉体的反应活性和诱导室温化学反应。球磨200h的样品在1125℃烧结4h可以获得β-硅灰石单相陶瓷。     

机械力化学合成BaTiO3纳米晶TEM及HR-TEM研究

采用XRD，TEM及高分辨电子显微镜（HR－TEM），研究了高能球磨BaO,锐钛矿型TiO2混合粉体，机械力学法合成BaTiO3纳米晶的反应机制。研究表明：机械力的作用使混合物粉体粒度减小，晶格畸变，转变为无定形，具有较高的反应活性，提高固相反应的扩散系数，降低了活化能，从而使本该在较高温度进行的反应也可在较低的温度下进行，晶体形成经过成核和生长两个阶段，但生长到一定程度时达到动态平衡，合成的BaTiO3纳米晶体颗粒尺寸为10－30nm。     

镍渣机械力化学效应及其对反应活性的影响

为提高镍渣的反应活性,根据机械力化学原理,采用高能球磨技术处理镍渣并采取蒸压工艺制备镍渣制品.通过粒径分析、X射线分析以及扫描电镜分析等手段研究不同高能球磨时间下镍渣的粒径、结构和形貌变化以及镍渣的反应活性变化.结果表明:高能球磨可以进一步细化镍渣,使大颗粒块状粉体破裂、表面粗糙化并提高镍渣的反应活性,长时间球磨可使水化样品诱导期和加速期两个阶段的水化放热量显著增大;高能球磨4 h时镍渣蒸压试块的强度最大,可达24.4 MPa,是未高能球磨时的4.5倍,球磨4 h后蒸压试块水化产物的X射线谱图中出现了硬硅钙石、托勃莫来石和镁水化物等衍射峰.