全文获取类型
收费全文 | 90917篇 |
免费 | 9027篇 |
国内免费 | 4023篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 1872篇 |
技术理论 | 6篇 |
综合类 | 4554篇 |
化学工业 | 26814篇 |
金属工艺 | 8624篇 |
机械仪表 | 3292篇 |
建筑科学 | 3567篇 |
矿业工程 | 2005篇 |
能源动力 | 4175篇 |
轻工业 | 7267篇 |
水利工程 | 1172篇 |
石油天然气 | 4060篇 |
武器工业 | 679篇 |
无线电 | 8670篇 |
一般工业技术 | 17498篇 |
冶金工业 | 4943篇 |
原子能技术 | 1213篇 |
自动化技术 | 3556篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 506篇 |
2023年 | 2740篇 |
2022年 | 2596篇 |
2021年 | 3613篇 |
2020年 | 3948篇 |
2019年 | 3781篇 |
2018年 | 3271篇 |
2017年 | 3666篇 |
2016年 | 3738篇 |
2015年 | 3795篇 |
2014年 | 5669篇 |
2013年 | 7384篇 |
2012年 | 5806篇 |
2011年 | 5795篇 |
2010年 | 4392篇 |
2009年 | 4458篇 |
2008年 | 3667篇 |
2007年 | 4778篇 |
2006年 | 4525篇 |
2005年 | 3975篇 |
2004年 | 3301篇 |
2003年 | 3157篇 |
2002年 | 2548篇 |
2001年 | 2162篇 |
2000年 | 1963篇 |
1999年 | 1470篇 |
1998年 | 1267篇 |
1997年 | 1073篇 |
1996年 | 948篇 |
1995年 | 783篇 |
1994年 | 661篇 |
1993年 | 477篇 |
1992年 | 404篇 |
1991年 | 309篇 |
1990年 | 254篇 |
1989年 | 207篇 |
1988年 | 118篇 |
1987年 | 125篇 |
1986年 | 98篇 |
1985年 | 109篇 |
1984年 | 87篇 |
1983年 | 69篇 |
1982年 | 91篇 |
1981年 | 29篇 |
1980年 | 31篇 |
1979年 | 18篇 |
1977年 | 17篇 |
1976年 | 15篇 |
1975年 | 15篇 |
1951年 | 22篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(18):25933-25939
In order to gain more insights into the influence of rare earth elements on the melt structure of SiO2–CaO–Al2O3–MgO glass ceramics, Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques were used to study the influence of La2O3 on the Si–O/Al–O tetrahedron structure within SiO2–CaO–Al2O3–MgO–quenched glass samples in this study. Results showed that some Raman peak shapes at low frequencies (200–840 cm?1) changed significantly after the addition of La2O3, compared to the high frequency (840–1200 cm?1) region that corresponds to the [SiO4] structure, suggesting that the depolymerization of the low-frequency T–O–T (T=Si or Al) structure was more prevalent with La3+ addition. Besides, the depolymerization extent of the Si–O/Al–O tetrahedral network varied when the melt composition altered. Most notably, depolymerization is the most significant at a low CaO/SiO2 ratio (0.25) and a high Al2O3 content (8%). Meanwhile, La3+ can promote the transformation of Si–O–Si and Al–O–Al bonds to the Si–O–Al ones, thereby forming a complex ionic cluster network interwoven with Si–O and Al–O tetrahedrons. 相似文献
92.
Digital technology becomes more powerful, intelligent, pervasive and ubiquitous. Ethical aspects of this development have not yet drawn the appropriate attention of researchers and engineers. This paper presents an instrument that aims at measuring the individual ethical position with regard to the design and development of computer software. The development of the Epos tool was based on two data collections. The data of the first survey (n1 = 147 participants) were used to select items and to determine the factorial structure of the questionnaire. Results show that the Epos instrument reliably assesses peoples’ ethical opinion with respect to five central components: (1) regulation, (2) data privacy, (3) domain specific knowledge, (4) societal responsibility and (5) company responsibility. In the second survey, we determined the stability of the instruments factor structure by assessing a sample of n2?=?196 participants. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the initial factor structure. Next steps and further implications are discussed regarding the final version of the questionnaire. 相似文献
93.
Upconversion phosphors are known as a material system that can convert near-infrared light into visible/ultraviolet emissions by sequentially absorbing multiple photons. The studies on upconversion materials often use two rare earth (RE) ions as a sensitizer-activator pair. We investigated the influences on luminescence intensity depending on Cr-doping content (x) of hexagonal NaLu0.98–xCrxF4Er0.02 (x = 0–0.9) upconversion material by substituting Lu3+ ions with Cr3+in the absence of Gd3+. The change in upconversion luminescence intensity appears with saddle-like shape. We suggest that Cr3+ ions play the dual role as a constituent in host lattice and a sensitizer in the upconversion process. Optimal conditions for gaining the strongest upconversion emission correspond to x = 0.3–0.5, where there are effective energy transfers between Cr3+ and Er3+ ions and CrEr dimers. Apart from these values, the emission intensity decreases rapidly which can be ascribed to the absence of multiple-photon absorption for the case of low Cr3+ contents, and to the coupling between Cr3+ and/or Er3+ ions for the case of high Cr3+ contents. Magnetization and electron-spin-resonant measurements were performed to understand the correlation between the optical and magnetic properties. 相似文献
94.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(4):5040-5053
Using tailings as material to prepare glass-ceramic is an excellent way to achieve the resource utilization of solid waste. However, at present, researches on the solidification and migration of heavy metals are limited. Therefore, in this study, ten groups of samples were prepared by controlling sintering temperatures. The solidification, migration, and leaching behavior of non-volatile and volatile heavy metals were studied. The research showed that, with the increase of temperature, the properties of the samples were improved. Fe participated in the phase transformation and evolved into insoluble iron pyroxenes solid solution, while Pb was homogeneously distributed in the glass matrix of glass-ceramics. The leaching concentrations of Fe and Pb in the glass-ceramics were 0.055 mg/L ~0.087 mg/L and 0.074 mg/L ~0.140 mg/L, which were far below the threshold value. The results showed that heavy metals can be effectively solidified in glass-ceramics and have good environmental benefits. 相似文献
95.
Xianjin Li Tianyu Li Pengcheng Xu Congxin Xie Yunhe Zhang Xianfeng Li 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(22):2100133
Bromine-based flow batteries (Br-FBs) are considered one of the most promising energy storage systems due to their features of high energy density and low cost. However, they generally suffer from uncontrolled diffusion of corrosive bromine particularly at high temperatures. That is because the interaction between polybromide anions and the commonly used complexing agent (N–methyl–N–ethyl–pyrrolidinium bromide [MEP]) decreases with increasing temperatures, which causes serious self-discharge and capacity fade. Herein, a novel bromine complexing agent, 1–ethyl–2–methyl–pyridinium bromide (BCA), is introduced in Br-FBs to solve the above problems. It is proven that BCA can combine with polybromide anions very well even at a high temperature of 60 °C. Moreover, the BCA contributes to decreasing the electrochemical polarization of Br−/Br2 couple, which in turn improves their power density. As a result, a zinc–bromine flow battery with BCA as the complexing agent can achieve a high energy efficiency of 84% at 40 mA cm−2, even at high temperature of 60 °C and it can stably run for more than 400 cycles without obvious performance decay. This paper provides an effective complexing agent to enable a wide temperature range Br-FB. 相似文献
96.
Tatsuro Tanaka Yoshifumi Maeda Shinji Yamamoto Toru Iwao 《Electrical Engineering in Japan》2019,207(1):15-23
The arc welding has been used in various welding methods because it is inexpensive and high in strength after welding. However, it is a problem that accidents such as collapse of the bridge occur because of the welding defects. The welding of low cost and high productivity is required without the welding defects. The pulsed TIG welding is inexpensive and capable of high‐quality welding. The electromagnetic force contributing to penetration changes because the transient response of arc temperature and iron vapor generated from anode occurs. However, the analysis of pulsed TIG welding with metal vapor has been elucidated only metal vapor concentration near anode with transient phenomenon and heat flux. Thus, the theoretical elucidation of penetration depth with control factor has not been researched. In this paper, the contribution of metal vapor mass at the periphery part of pulsed arc to the electromagnetic force in the weld pool is elucidated. As a result, the iron vapor mass at periphery part decreased with increasing the frequency. The iron vapor was stagnated at axial center within one cycle. The electromagnetic force to the penetration depth direction in weld pool increased at axial center. Therefore, the metal vapor mass at periphery part plays an important role for the electromagnetic force increment at axial center. 相似文献
97.
98.
对赤红球菌的组氨酸激酶基因进行密码子优化,将优化后的组氨酸激酶基因(rhks)构建重组表达质粒pGEX-4T-2-rhks。将此质粒导入到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行异源表达。在25 ℃和1 mmol/L异丙基-β-D-硫代吡喃半乳糖苷诱导条件下,组氨酸激酶融合蛋白(GST-RHK)获得成功表达,并具有催化活性。经谷胱甘肽琼脂糖亲和层析纯化,获得电泳纯的GST-RHK,其中纯化倍数为3.1,得率为19.5%。该蛋白大小约为72.75 kDa,Km、Vmax和Kcat值分别为20.92 μmol/L、0.17 μmol/(L·min)和1.4 min-1。野生型赤红球菌、组氨酸激酶基因增强株sdrhkE和组氨酸激酶基因敲减株sdrhkD在分别含有苯酚、甲苯、氯苯、异辛烷4 种有机溶剂的培养基中培养,菌株sdrhkD的生长情况都优于野生型赤红球菌,菌株sdrhkE的生长情况都低于野生型赤红球菌。本研究为进一步揭示赤红球菌SD3中组氨酸激酶涉及的信号转导途径与赤红球菌有机溶剂耐受性的关联机制提供一定参考依据。 相似文献
99.
Kamalesh Pal Amitava Mukherjee Md. Motin Seikh Parthasarathi Bera Arup Gayen 《Ceramics International》2021,47(10):14798-14808
Synthesis of nanocrystalline pristine and Mn-doped calcium copper titanate quadruple perovskites, CaCu3?xMnxTi4?xMnxO12 (x = 0, 0.5, and 1.0) by modified citrate solution combustion method has been reported. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns attest the phase purity of the perovskite materials. Average particle sizes of all the materials obtained from the Scherrer's formula are in the range of 55–70 nm. The specific surface areas for all the perovskites obtained from BET isotherms are found to be low as expected for the condensed oxide systems and fall in the range of 13–17 m2 g?1. Transmission electron microscopy studies show a reduction in particle size of CaCu3Ti4O12 with increase in Mn doping. Ca and Ti are present in +2 and +4 oxidation states in all the materials as demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. Cu2+ gets reduced in CaCu3Ti4O12 with higher Mn content. Mn is observed to be present only in +3 oxidation state. All the materials have been examined to be active in CO oxidation as well as H2 production from methanol steam reforming. CaCu3Ti4O12 with ~14 at.% Mn is found to show best catalytic activities among these materials. A comprehensive analysis of the catalytic activities of these perovskites toward CO oxidation and H2 production from MSR reveal the cooperative activity of copper-manganese in the doped perovskites and it is more effective at lower manganese content. 相似文献
100.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2019,44(2):587-593
A solid-state photoelectrochemical (SSPEC) cell is an attractive approach for solar water splitting, especially when it comes to monolithic device design. In a SSPEC cell the electrodes distance is minimized, while the use of polymer-based membranes alleviates the need for liquid electrolytes, and at the same time they can separate the anode from the cathode. In this work, we have made and tested, firstly, a SSPEC cell with a Pt/C electrocatalyst as the cathode electrode, under purely gaseous conditions. The anode was supplied with air of 80% relative humidity (RH) and the cathode with argon. Secondly, we replaced the Pt/C cathode with a photocathode consisting of 2D photocatalytic g-C3N4, which was placed in tandem with the photoanode (tandem-SSPEC). The tandem configuration showed a three-fold enhancement in the obtained photovoltage and a steady-state photocurrent density. The mechanism of operation is discussed in view of recent advances in surface proton conduction in absorbed water layers. The presented SSPEC cell is based on earth-abundant materials and provides a way towards systems of artificial photosynthesis, especially for areas where water sources are scarce and electrical grid infrastructure is limited or nonexistent. The only requirements to make hydrogen are humidity and sunlight. 相似文献