Multi‐Atomic Layers of Metallic Aluminum for Ultralong Life Lithium Storage with High Volumetric Capacity

Metallic aluminum (Al) have been explored as potential anode materials for lithium storage because of its high theoretical capacity (993 mAh g^–1) and low voltage plateaus. Al possesses high electric conductivity, low cost and environmental friendliness. Unfortunately, Al suffers from huge volume change (>100%) during the lithiation/delithiation process, which inevitably results in the pulverization of electrode and rapid capacity decay during cycling processes. To circumvent above issues, a simple but efficient strategy is demonstrated to fabricate free‐standing multi‐atomic layers of metallic Al by harnessing the good ductility of Al under pressure. The resultant multi‐atomic Al layers are ultrathin, ≈3 nm, and have a large aspect ratio. Such unique features enable multi‐atomic Al nanosheets to construct uniform and compact films with graphene. Thus, the hybrid films with different ratios are achieved, in which the notorious volume change of metallic Al can be efficiently circumvented via the good flexibility of graphene, and the density of whole electrode can be significantly enhanced. As a consequence, the optimized multi‐atomic Al layers‐graphene (AlL‐G) film exhibits a very high volumetric capacity of 1089 mAh cm^–3, high‐rate capability and ultralong cycle life up to 20 000 cycles for lithium storage.     

In Situ Deformation Topology of COFs with Shortened Channels and High Redox Properties for Li–S Batteries

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with various topologies are typically synthesized by selecting and designing connecting units with rich shapes. However, this process is time-consuming and labour-intensive. Besides, the tight stacking of COFs layers greatly restrict their structural advantages. It is crucial to effectively exploit the high porosity and active sites of COFs by topological design. Herein, for the first time, inducing in situ topological changes in sub-chemometric COFs by adding graphene oxide (GO) without replacing the monomer, is proposed. Surprisingly, GO can slow down the intermolecular stacking and induce rearrangement of COFs nanosheets. The channels of D- [4+3] COFs are significantly altered while the stacking of periodically expanded framework is weakened. This not only maximizes the exposure of pore area and polar groups, but also shortens the channels and increases the redox activity, which enables high loading while enhancing host-guest interactions. This topological transformation to exhibit the structural features of COFs for efficient application is an innovative molecular design strategy.     

Microporous,Crystalline, and Water-Processable Framework Materials of Organic Amphiphile Salts

Porous framework materials are of major importance for a wide range of technologies. Nevertheless, many of these materials lack processibility as they are typically synthesized under rather harsh conditions and obtained as microcrystalline powders that cannot easily be coated or deposited from solution. Herein, a new approach to water-processable metal–organic framework materials is presented. The materials are based on amphiphilic organic building blocks consisting of polar carboxylate groups and non-polar alkyl chains connected to a rigid aromatic core. The amphiphilic building blocks assemble to porous framework structures via bonding to kinetically labile sodium ions from concentrated aqueous solution. The obtained crystalline materials, termed amphiphile salt frameworks , are thermally and mechanically stable (some derivatives up to 365 °C and up to at least 4000 bar hydrostatic pressure), exhibit persistent microporous channels accessible to several gases (N₂, CO₂, propane, propylene, n-butane), and can be reversibly assembled/disassembled by crystallization from or dissolution in water. Systematic variation of the hydrophobic side chains of the amphiphile building blocks allows extracting structure-property relationships and first design rules for this new class of water-processable microporous framework materials.     

Ga掺杂ZnO薄膜的MOCVD生长及其特性

利用低压MOCVD技术在(0002)蓝宝石上外延获得高质量的ZnO∶Ga单晶薄膜,并研究了Ga的不同掺杂浓度对材料电学和光学特性的影响．当Ga/Zn气相摩尔比为3.2 at%时,ZnO(0002)峰半高宽仅为0.26°,载流子浓度高达2.47e19cm－3,透射率高于90%;当载流子浓度升高时,吸收边出现明显的Burstein-Moss蓝移效应．同时室温光致发光谱显示,紫外峰位随载流子浓度的增加而发生红移,峰形展宽,这和Ga高掺杂所引起的能带重整化效应有关．当Ga/Zn比达到6.3 at%时,由于高掺杂浓度下Ga的自补偿效应导致载流子浓度下降．     

A Soft Lithiophilic Graphene Aerogel for Stable Lithium Metal Anode

The lithium metal anode is one of the most promising anodes for next‐generation high‐energy‐density batteries. However, the severe growth of Li dendrites and large volume expansion leads to rapid capacity decay and shortened lifetime, especially in high current density and high capacity. Herein, a soft 3D Au nanoparticles@graphene hybrid aerogel (Au? GA) as a lithiophilic host for lithium metal anode is proposed. The large surface area and interconnected conductive pathways of the Au? GA significantly decrease the local current density of the electrode, enabling uniform Li deposition. Furthermore, the 3D porous structure effectively accommodates the large volume expansion during Li plating/stripping, and the Li_xAu alloy serves as a solid solution buffer layer to completely eliminate the Li nucleation over‐potential. Symmetric cells can stably cycle at 8 mA cm^?2 for 8 mAh cm^?2 and exhibit ultra‐long cycling: 1800 h at 2 mA cm^?2 for 2 mAh cm^?2, and 1200 h at 4 mA cm^?2 for 4 mAh cm^?2, with low over‐potential. Full cells assemble with a Cu@Au? GA? Li anode and LiFePO₄ cathode, can sustain a high rate of 8 C, and retain a high capacity of 59.6 mAh g^?1 after 1100 cycles at 2 C.     

Making Large‐Area Titanium Disulfide Films at Reduced Temperature by Balancing the Kinetics of Sulfurization and Roughening

The synthesis of large‐area TiS₂ thin films is reported at temperatures as low as 500 °C using a scalable two‐step method of metal film deposition followed by sulfurization in an H₂S gas furnace. It is demonstrated that the lowest‐achievable sulfurization temperature depends strongly on the oxygen background during sulfurization. This dependence arises because Ti? O bonds present a substantial kinetic and thermodynamic barrier to TiS₂ formation. Lowering the sulfurization temperature is important to make smooth films, and to enable integration of TiS₂ and related transition metal dichalcogenides—including metastable phases and alloys—into device technology.     

周期极化钽酸锂倍频窄谱线全光纤连续激光放大器特性

通过准相位匹配技术,采用1μm波段高功率窄谱线连续光纤激光放大器抽运高二次谐波转换效率周期性极化晶体,是实现高光束质量、小型化、高功率连续绿光激光器的一个非常有前途的方向。实验自主研发了高效率主振荡功率放大(MOPA)全光纤保偏放大模块,获得中心波长为1064.25nm,线宽为0.035nm的30 W连续线偏振激光,并以此作为基频光抽运国产周期极化钽酸锂(PPSLT)晶体进行了外腔单通倍频实验。保持PPSLT晶体的控制温度为145.6℃,在抽运光功率为21.5W时得到了2.1W的绿光输出。实验分析了温度、基频光功率密度和Boyd-Kleinman聚焦因子对倍频光转换效率的影响。实验过程中没有出现饱和现象,进一步提高抽运功率有望获得更高功率的绿光。     

UHF频段超小型RFID无源抗金属标签天线设计

提出了一种超小型UHF频段无源RFID标签抗金属环境的技术方案。采用高介电常数介质并通过开槽增加电长度,设计中考虑了环境金属物体对标签天线的影响,采用CST MWS软件建立模型并分析了标签天线主要尺寸的变化对标签天线阻抗与所采用的RF芯片阻抗的匹配影响,对造成阻抗变化明显的变量进行调整以获得可接受的阻抗匹配程度。采用网版印刷银浆制作了标签样品并进行实际测试。实验结果表明:实测与仿真结果比较吻合,标签阻抗匹配良好,实测读取距离大于2m满足实际使用需要,标签尺寸仅为12mm×7mm×3mm,可应用于物联网中小型金属物件的管理。     

纳米SiC含量对激光熔覆镍基合金组织性能影响

采用预置式,在45^#钢基体表面,铺设0.8 mm厚度的纳米SiC增强NiFeBSi复合合金粉末。利用3 kW横流CO₂激光,熔覆不同增强比例的复合涂层。利用X射线衍射（XRD）仪,扫描电镜（SEM）、显微硬度仪、摩擦磨损试验机分别对不同增强比例涂层进行微观组织、力学性能的分析及讨论。探究了纳米SiC含量对熔覆层组织性能的影响。研究结果表明,NiFeBSi+纳米SiC复合涂层具有与NiFeBSi合金涂层相似的组织形貌特征,在激光熔覆过程中纳米SiC颗粒的分解,致使γ（Fe,Ni）枝晶间上形成了多种碳化物。因此,显著提高了NiFeBSi合金涂层的硬度,并随着纳米SiC的掺入量增多,硬度提高显著。纳米SiC的加入显著地增强了熔覆层的耐磨性能,但随含量增加磨痕表面产生脆性变形和裂纹,其中NiFeBSi+w（SiC）=7%复合涂层的耐磨性能最好。     

锂离子蓄电池正极材料LiFePO_4研究进展

锂离子电池正极材料正在向着高比能量、长寿命、低成本、环境友好的方向发展,LiFePO4正极材料以其结构稳定、成本低、无污染等优点成为21世纪研究重点。综述了LiFePO4的研究进展。系统地阐述了其晶体结构特征及性能,以及合成方法、掺杂导电材料和控制晶体生长制备纳米粉体等对材料性能的影响。提出了下一步可能的研究方向。