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The preirradiation method of grafting has been established by ultraviolet radiation. Methyl methacrylate (MMA) was grafted onto jute fiber in an aqueous medium. The variation of graft weight with UV‐radiation time, monomer concentration, and reaction time was investigated. The conversion of monomer into homopolymer and graft copolymer was evaluated. The graft weight passes through a maximum value (~ 122%) with UV‐radiation time. The optimum value of the monomer concentration was evaluated for maximum degree of grafting. Graft copolymerization of MMA onto lignocellulose fiber significantly increases the elongation at break (~ 65%) compared to that of the “as‐received” sample. However, a linear decrease on breaking load was observed with the increase of graft weight. The estimation of degree of grafting was achieved using an IR technique by correlating band intensities with the degree of grafting. Considering the water‐absorption property, the grafted sample showed a maximum up to 61% decrease in hydrophilicity compared to that of the as‐received sample. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1667–1675, 2004 相似文献
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本文研究利用723型阳离子交换树脂催化合成MTBE,采用正交设计的统计方法,对影响产率的各因素如反应温度,反应时间,催化剂用量和原料摩尔比进行组合,找到合适的工艺路线,最佳反应条件为:催化剂用量为5g,甲醇与叔丁醇比为3:1,反应时间为7h。 相似文献
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Ionic liquids as electrolytes 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Salts having a low melting point are liquid at room temperature, or even below, and form a new class of liquids usually called room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL). Information about RTILs can be found in the literature with such key words as: room temperature molten salt, low-temperature molten salt, ambient-temperature molten salt, liquid organic salt or simply ionic liquid. Their physicochemical properties are the same as high temperature ionic liquids, but the practical aspects of their maintenance or handling are different enough to merit a distinction. The class of ionic liquids, based on tetraalkylammonium cation and chloroaluminate anion, has been extensively studied since late 1970s of the XX century, following the works of Osteryoung. Systematic research on the application of chloroaluminate ionic liquids as solvents was performed in 1980s. However, ionic liquids based on aluminium halides are moisture sensitive. During the last decade an increasing number of new ionic liquids have been prepared and used as solvents. The general aim of this paper was to review the physical and chemical properties of RTILs from the point of view of their possible application as electrolytes in electrochemical processes and devices. The following points are discussed: melting and freezing, conductivity, viscosity, temperature dependence of conductivity, transport and transference numbers, electrochemical stability, possible application in aluminium electroplating, lithium batteries and in electrochemical capacitors. 相似文献
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Results are reported on the influence of composition and molecular mass of components on the isothermal growth rate of spherulites, on the overall kinetic rate constant, on the primary nucleation and on the thermal behaviour of poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends. The growth rate of PEO spherulites as well as the observed equilibrium melting temperatures decrease, for a given Tc or ΔT, with the increase of PMMA content.Such observations are interpreted by assuming that the polymers are compatible in the undercooled melt, at least in the range of crystallization temperatures investigated. Thermodynamic quantities such as the surface free energy of folding σe and the Flory-Huggins parameter χ12 have been obtained by studying the dependence of the radial growth rate G and of the overall kinetic rate constant K from temperature and composition and the dependence of the equilibrium melting temperature depression ΔTm upon composition, respectively. 相似文献
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