Room temperature oxidation of lead-indium alloy films

The kinetics of growth of thin (14 to 40Å) oxide layers on lead-indium alloys was investigated ellipsometrically, using: 3000Å thick films at 23°C; and oxygen exposures at 760 torr for times ranging from five minutes to five days. Assuming that the oxide layer is comprised of a two-phase mixture of PbO and In₂O₃ having a negligible extinction coefficient made it possible to estimate the oxide composition from the ellipsometrically-obtained oxide refractive index. Under these oxidizing conditions, the volume fraction of PbO in the oxide mixture decreases from a value of unity for pure lead to zero for alloys containing more than 30 at. percent In, in agreement with the Auger Electron Spectroscopy results of Chou and coworkers. The oxidation rate equals a exp (X₁/X), where α and X₁ will be seen to vary complexly with alloy composition. A theoretical explanation of these results is also presented.     

Oxidation Protective Multilayer CVD SiC Coatings Modified by a Graphitic B-C Interlayer for 3D C/SiC Composite

A layered graphitic CVD B-C coating was introduced between two CVD SiC coating layers. Microstructure and chemical characterization of the CVD B-C and the hybrid SiC/B-C/SiC multilayer coating was performed using SEM, EDS, XPS and XRD. Oxidation protection ability of the coating for the C/SiC composite was studied using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) in the isothermal mode and by measuring residual flexural strength. The layered graphitic CVD B-C coating middle layer reduced the maximum crack width in the CVD SiC coating. The hybrid SiC/B-C/SiC multilayer coating provided a better oxidation protection for C/SiC composite than a three layer CVD SiC coating due to coating crack control and sealing effects at temperatures up to 1,300°C for 900 min.     

核壳结构纳米Ni／Al复合粉末的制备

在含氟离子的水溶液中，采用Al粉直接置换还原Ni盐的方法，实现了纳米Ni在Al粉表面上的快速化学沉积，制备出核壳结构的Ni／Al复合粉末。探讨了反应的过程，利用SEM、XRD、BET等测试手段对复合粉末进行了微观测试和表征。结果表明：Al粉表面连续、均匀包覆了由晶粒大小约20．6nm的Ni纳米颗粒组成的壳层。     

γ-Radiolysis of Polyynes in Heptane

The polyynes in heptane solution were γ-radiolyzed at a total dose of 150, 300 and 600 kGy. After radiolysis the products were analyzed by electronic absorption spectroscopy, by HPLC (liquid chromatography) and by FT-IR spectroscopy. Even at 150 kGy the polyynes disappear completely from the solution and the chromatographic analysis shows that the acetylenic chains undergo fragmentation, addition and crosslinking reactions with other chains and with solvent. The oxidative interference from air has been detected by FT-IR.     

Porous Titania Thin Films Grown by Anodic Oxidation for Hydrogen Sensors

Porous titanium dioxide (Titania) thin films were grown by anodic oxidation using high purity (99.7%) titanium foil in a dilute sulphuric acid (1 M) medium. The anodization process was carried out for 30 minutes with 20 mA/cm² and 50 mA/cm² current densities. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, and AFM techniques. It was found that the grown porous titania films were less sensitive to 500 ppm hydrogen in air ambient below 300°C; however, the sensitivity and response behavior of the film at 300°C are very much dependent on the growth conditions. Particularly, the films grown at current density 50 mA/cm² and 1 M acid concentration exhibited the lowest response time of 151 sec at 300°C.     

铸铝材料微弧氧化表面改性

微弧氧化是近几年发展起来的一项材料表面改性技术，用微弧氧化技术处理铸铝材料在其表面可以形成几十至上百微米的陶瓷氧化层。经X射线衍射分析该氧化层具有α相和γ相Al2O3结构，使表面硬度提高到800—1000HV，大大改善了铸铝表面的耐磨、耐蚀、耐压绝缘和抗高温冲击特性，在发动机活塞和电熨斗中得到了很好的应用。     

Influence of surface condition on the fatigue behaviour of specimens made of a SAE 5115 case-hardened steel

The effect of different surface conditions on the fatigue properties of cyclically loaded bending specimens of the case‐hardened steel SAE 5115 (Material Number 1.7131) was investigated. The aim of the investigations was to achieve further knowledge of the processes that finally lead to the failure of case‐hardened and cyclically loaded bending specimens. Surface roughness, microstructure and residual stress distribution were regarded as parameters that govern the fatigue process. On the basis of a well‐defined adjustment of different surface conditions the effect of internal oxidation, surface roughness and residual stresses on fatigue crack initiation and growth were assessed. The effect of different parameters on the endurance limit has been quantified by the application of a fracture mechanics and a weakest‐link approach. The calculations contributed to a deeper insight into the complex interaction between the parameters governing the fatigue process.     

Effect of combined shot-peening and PEO treatment on fatigue life of 2024 Al alloy

One of the most important objectives in the surface engineering of light-weight alloys is to enhance their fatigue properties, allowing both increased performance and an extended service life. This can be achieved by forming a hard surface layer while incorporating a favourable stress state. Single surface treatments, for example, Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO), are not always capable of creating optimal combinations of these characteristics, whereas greater durability can be achieved by applying mechanical pre-treatments prior to the coating. In this work, a combination of shot-peening pre-treatment with plasma electrolytic oxidation coating is studied as a means to improve the fatigue performance of 2024 T351 Al alloy. The shot-peening was carried out in a compressed air configuration using S110 gauge shot at 200% coverage with an intensity of 20 AlmenC. PEO coatings of 30 μm thickness were produced using pulsed bipolar current technology. Fatigue properties were evaluated by a four-point bending technique at a stress ratio of 0.1. Hardness, residual stress and microstructure of the surface layers were studied by Knoop microhardness tests, fluorescence spectroscopy and SEM analyses, respectively. The effect of the combined shot-peening and PEO treatment is an increased fatigue limit and elevated microhardness when compared to aluminium treated only with PEO.     

基体拉伸法测试二氧化钛薄膜界面结合强度

利用热氧化法在工业纯钛表面形成氧化层,利用改进后的基体拉伸法研究了500和800℃加热1h所形成的氧化层和基体的结合强度,结果发现裂纹形貌与界面结合强度有关.500℃所形成的氧化层较薄,与基体的结合强度高,＞970MPa,裂纹方向与载荷轴向呈±45°;而800℃形成的氧化层较厚,与基体的结合强度差,＜495MPa,裂纹基本与载荷轴向垂直.     

电氧化及其在高浓度有机化工废水处理中的应用

介绍了电氧化技术原理,该技术应用于显像管生产和纽扣生产高浓度有机化工废水的前级处理时,可使CODCr去除40%～60%、BOD5/CODCr在处理前不足10%提高到20%以上,停留时间1～2h,使后续的兼氧—接触氧化生化处理达到预期效果,最终出水CODCr可控制在80mg/L以下,色度在10°以下,可以回用。