多孔泡沫金属及其磁导率的研究

研究了多孔泡沫金属的磁导率,建立了电沉积金属磁导率的计算模型。利用石蜡熔融的方法,得到了电沉积所得的多孔泡沫金属的孔隙率;利用振动样品磁强计对结构参数相同、磁导率不同的三种多孔泡沫金属进行了测试,得到了多孔泡沫金属及电沉积金属的相对磁导率,根据等效磁阻的原理,对电沉积金属相对磁导率进行了仿真计算,计算结果与实验相近;结果表明,建立的模型可以用来计算电沉积金属的相对磁导率;多孔泡沫金属的磁导率随着电沉积金属磁导率的增加而增加,随着孔隙率的增加而减小,为研究多孔泡沫金属的磁性能提供了理论和实验依据。     

涤棉织物单面防水泡沫涂层工艺

通过泡沫整理法对涤棉织物进行单面防水整理,使其单面防水的同时反面具有良好的吸湿透气性能。复配了稳定型泡沫防水涂层剂,并探讨了该涂层工艺的最佳焙烘温度和时间。实验结果表明,最佳整理剂配方为防水剂与10%SDS溶液以2∶1混合,并添加CMC 10g/L,HEC 0.5g/L,PTF 5g/L,焙烘温度160℃,时间3min,效果最佳;织物带液率由传统整理的45%降至为26%,节约原料55%。     

洗碗机用液体洗涤剂的研制

研究了二元表面活性剂混合体系的泡沫、表面张力、cmc及浊点等性能，并据此进行了复合配方试验，添加自制复合钙皂分散剂和其他助剂，研制出了一种去污力高、起泡力低并适用于家用洗碗机循环喷洗用的液体洗涤剂。该剂为碱性水基清洗剂，不含强酸、强碱和磷助剂等成分，可用于中温（30℃－40℃）洗涤，能有效去除碗与碟等餐具硬表面的油污，对人、畜无毒，洗涤排水合格。     

废聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料接枝丙烯酸丁酯改性白乳胶的研制

通过对聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料进行乳化研究，获得了稳定的聚苯乙烯乳液。再采用丙烯酸丁酯（BA）和功能单体对聚苯乙烯进行接枝改性，制成水乳型胶粘剂。研究了溶剂比、乳化剂与稳定剂用量、改性单体及功能单体的用量、引发剂及交联剂用量等因素对粘接性能的影响。     

A novel method of utilizing the biomass resource: Rapid liquefaction of wheat straw and preparation of biodegradable polyurethane foam (PUF)

In the paper, wheat straw was rapidly liquefied in the mild condition. The optimum liquefaction effect was obtained at steam-explosion pre-treatment of wheat straw, liquefaction temperature of 140 °C, solvent/wheat straw ratio of 6:1, glycol (EG):glycerol = 5, sulfuric acid of 5%, and wheat straw of water content of 150%. During the liquefaction, cellulose, semi-cellulose and lignin are decomposed, which results in changes of hydroxyl value, acid value, viscosity and weight-average molecular weight of the reaction system. The liquefaction product was used to prepare polyurethane foam. Compared with the normal PUF, the foam had similar mechanical properties and better water absorption and biodegradability.     

Fundamental foaming mechanisms governing the volume expansion of extruded polypropylene foams

This article describes the fundamental foaming mechanisms that governed the volume expansion behavior of extruded polypropylene (PP) foams. A careful analysis of extended experimental results indicated that the final volume expansion ratio of the extruded PP foams blown with butane was governed by either the loss of the blowing agent or the crystallization of the polymer matrix. A charge coupling device (CCD) camera was installed at the die exit to carefully monitor the shape of the extruded PP foams. The CCD images were analyzed to illustrate both mechanisms, gas loss and crystallization, during foaming at various temperatures, and the maximum expansion ratio was achieved when the governing mechanism was changed from one to the other. In general, the gas loss mode was dominant at high temperatures and the crystallization mode was dominant at low temperatures. When the gas loss mode was dominant, the volume expansion ratio increased with decreasing temperature because of the reduced amount of gas lost. By contrast, when the crystallization mode was dominant, the expansion ratio increased with increasing temperature because of the delayed solidification of the polymer. The processing window variation with the butane concentration, the change in the temperature ranges for the two governing modes, and the sensitivity of melt temperature variations to the volume expansion ratio are discussed in detail on the basis of the obtained experimental results for both branched and linear PP materials. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2661–2668, 2004     

泡沫铝填充在轿车B柱中的侧面耐撞性研究

为了提高轿车侧面耐撞性,设计耐撞性能强的B柱成为主要课题之一.目前的优化方法很难将B柱侵入量和侵入速度同时控制在理想范围内.因此,提出泡沫铝材料填充在汽车B柱内代替B柱加强板的方法,缓冲侧面碰撞冲击.通过建立泡沫铝有限元模型与材料特性分析,确定仿真泡沫铝主要材料参数.进而根据中国新车评价规程C-NCAP要求,建立轿车整车侧面碰撞有限元模型,采用LS-DYNA软件进行仿真分析.结果表明,泡沫铝填充后的B柱侵入量和侵入速度都有明显降低.泡沫铝材料塑性变形和整体弯曲变形能够吸收1.51kJ的能量,是B柱加强板的3倍.填充泡沫铝前后仿真结果表明,轿车B柱填充泡沫铝是一种提高轿车侧面耐撞性的方法.     

Changes in liquid hold-up in foam and size of foam by perforated plates and contribution to mechanical foam-breaking

Changes in the liquid hold-up, ?, and the diameter of d, of a foam that are induced by perforated plates (PPs) and the contribution of PPs to foam-breaking were studied. A foaming system containing a dilute detergent solution in a column with mechanical agitation fitted with a rotating-disk foam-breaker (MFRD) was used. After the foam passed through the PPs, ? and d decreased and increased, respectively. The use of PPs to achieve a maximum reduction in ? and a maximum increase in d is confirmed. It is also demonstrated that use of PPs contributes not only to improving the foam-breaking performance of the MFRD, but also to power savings.     

高效低泡净洗剂的研制与应用

对不同配方的发泡力、泡沫稳定性以及净洗效果的测试结果表明皂剂、烷基苯磺酸盐和平平加O按适当比例进行复配可以得到泡沫少、泡沫破灭快，净洗效果好的高效低泡净洗剂。     

Short beam three point bend tests in syntactic foams. Part I: Microscopic characterization of the failure zones

Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) studies were carried out on the failure surface of syntactic foam material tested in a short beam three point bend test (SBT) by employing 21 × 15 × 3 mm³ dimension bearing specimens. The syntactic foams were fabricated using glass microballoons in epoxy binder. The failure of the tensile, compression, and shear dominated regions were studied by SEM at different magnifications. The tensile region had characteristic features, such as partial debonding of the microballoons from the matrix and cracking of glass microballoons, apart from matrix cracking and some river pattern features. The compression side was characterized by crushing and collapsing of microballoons, resulting in accumulation of debris with no apparent river pattern for matrix‐rich regions. The midway positions of the SBT failed surface comprised of deformation bands in the matrix and occasional debonding of microballoons. The morphology recorded in the tensile and compression regions corroborated well with the results obtained on these foam samples in those specimens that were subjected to pure uniaxial tension and compression, respectively. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 673–679, 2005