十二烷基苯磺酸催化合成乙酸异戊酯的研究

以异戊醇和乙酸为原料,十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)为催化剂,采用正交试验方法合成了乙酸异戊酯.研究了物料比、酯化时间、酯化温度和催化剂用量对酯化率的影响.确定了最佳的工艺条件为:n(酸)∶n(醇)=1∶4、催化剂用量为酸物质的量的5％、反应温度45℃、反应时间为4h,其酯化率最高可达81.57％.     

不同影响因子对苯醚甲环唑微乳剂理化性质的影响

从助溶剂、表面活性剂、水质等不同影响因子对苯醚甲环唑微乳剂理化性质的影响进行了研究,测定了其低温和热贮稳定性等理化性状。结果表明,表面活性剂的HLB值〉11．5、助溶剂为甲醇时配制的微乳剂较好,不同水质均可配出外观均相透明的微乳剂,采用适当的离子/非离子表面活性剂搭配可以在表面活性剂用量较低时获得稳定的微乳剂。     

Solubilization Absorption of Toluene Vapor by Formation of Oil-in Water Microemulsions with Cation Surfactants

Absorption reactors to remove volatile organic compounds from gas streams can be retrofitted, as volatile organic compounds act as oils and form microemulsions. Using the region of microemulsion in the phase diagram as the indicator, the main influences on the solubilization capacity of various microemulsion systems were investigated. When the mass ratio of the surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) to the cosurfactant (tetrabutylammonium bromide) was 1:1, the microemulsion was the best absorbent. Comparative absorption tests of microemulsion, distilled water, and surfactants were performed in a double-stirred reactor. The results indicate that the microemulsion has a relatively higher absorption rate and absorption capacity than the other absorbents.     

15％毒死蜱·氟铃脲微乳剂的制备研究

15％毒死蜱·氟铃脲微乳剂是一种新的农药剂型,它对害虫和植物体的渗透能力强,同时由于它是以水作为分散介质,含有机溶剂较少,安全,对环境效益显著,所以具有很大的发展前景。对原药、乳化剂、溶剂、助溶剂等助剂的选择进行研究,确定15％毒死蜱·氟铃脲微乳剂最适宜的制备工艺及较优配方。     

工业化生产纳米碳酸钙原位聚合聚氯乙烯树脂

在 2 .5万t/aPVC生产装置上实现了纳米碳酸钙与VCM的原位聚合 ,生产出的PVC树脂的表观密度为 0 .5 7～ 0 .6 1g/mL ,增塑剂吸收量为 19.0 %～ 2 5 .6 %。随着纳米乳液的增加 ,聚合时间缩短 ,树脂白度增加。当纳米PVC用量分别为 0、3%、4 .5 %时 ,其最大扭矩分别为 32 .2 6、2 9.19、2 7.4 8N·m ,平衡扭矩分别为 17.6 5、15 .34、14 .4 8N·m ;当纳米PVC树脂用量分别为 3%、4 .5 %时 ,测得其冲击强度、拉伸强度、维卡软化温度分别为 38.5、6 8.9kJ/m2 ,6 9.2、74 .8MPa ,81.0、85 .0℃ ,而用普通PVC测得这三项指标分别为15 .5kJ/m2 、6 1.9MPa、79℃。     

N—马来酰基——氨基丙酸丁酯的微乳液聚合研究

以马来酸酐（MA）、氨基丙酸（ALn）、丁醇为原料合成了N-马来酰基-D,L-氨基丙酸丁酯（BAM）,配制了以十二烷基硫酸钠和正戊醇为复合乳化剂,含有BAM的微乳液。用过硫酸钾引发该体系进行微乳液聚合,考察了聚合温度对聚合的影响,并用PERKIN-ELMERFTIR-1710红外光谱仪、DSC、TG、元素分析仪对产品进行了检测。     

Extraction of Europium(III) into W/O Microemulsion Containing Aerosol OT and a Bulky Diamide. I. Cooperative Effect

Abstract

The extraction of Eu(III) from aqueous HNO₃ solution into a water‐in‐oil (W/O) microemulsion occurring in hexane was studied. Aerosol OT (AOT^?) was used as an anionic surfactant, and a bulky diamide (DA), N,N ^′‐dioctyl‐N,N ^′‐dimethyl‐2‐(3^′‐oxapentadecyl)propane‐1,3‐diamide, was employed as an electrically neutral extractant. The combination of AOT^? and the DA shows a very strong cooperative effect on the metal extraction. The microemulsion containing AOT^? alone in hexane, equilibrated with the acidic solution, is unstable. However, in the presence of the electrically neutral extractant acting as a “masking” ligand to H⁺, the microemulsion in the hexane phase is dramatically stabilized, which enhances the distribution of Eu(III) to the organic phase. The distribution of the metal in the micellar extraction system is also greatly affected by the concentration of an electrolyte, such as HNO₃ or NaNO₃, playing two important roles, i.e., the formation of the microemulsion, “promoting” the metal extraction, and the ion‐exchange of the metal ion for the cation yielded from the electrolyte, contrarily, “suppressing” the metal extraction.     

Preparation of porous polymeric structures for enzyme immobilization

Porous polymethacrylic acid‐co‐triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (MAA‐co‐3G) and polyacrylic acid‐co‐triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (AA‐co‐3G) were prepared by four different polymerization techniques, namely, suspension, dispersion, seed, and microemulsion polymerization using an inert diluent (n‐hexane and polystyrene). The morphology and porosity of the obtained polymers were examined by means of a scanning electron microscope. The surface areas of the obtained polymers were determined colorimetrically. The copolymers were modified by hydroximation and chlorination using hydroxyl amine and thionyl chloride, respectively. The effect of polymerization type, surface area, modification, and pH on the protease enzyme immobilization over poly(MAA‐co‐3G) and poly(AA‐co‐3G) was examined. The enzyme activity was measured by means of a spectrophotometer. The reactivity ratios of the two monomers MAA and 3G were determined by means of the elemental analysis method. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 76: 594–601, 2000     

聚合物/纳米无机粒子复合材料的制备方法

概述了直接分散法、溶液共混法、溶胶-凝胶法等制备聚合物/纳米无机粒子复合材料的原理和主要工艺,重点介绍用超重力法和微乳液法制备纳米无机粒子。多种制备方法结合使用将非常有效。     

微乳液法制备CdSe纳米线的表征

利用CTAB／环己烷／异丁醇／水作为反应介质,在微乳液体系中制备了CdSe纳米线。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、扫描电子电镜（SEM）表征了CdSe纳米线的形貌和粒径尺寸,研究陈化时间、反应物浓度对CdSe纳米线的影响,结果表明当陈化时间为24h,反应物浓度为0．2mol·L^-1时可合成性能比较好的CdSe纳米线,此时CdSe纳米线产率高、稳定性好。