微波辐照下聚硅氧烷微乳液的制备及动力学研究

以八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)为原料,十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)为催化剂,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(OP-10)为复配乳化剂,在微波辐照下制备聚硅氧烷微乳液。讨论了反应条件对微乳液制备的影响,结果表明,反应温度80℃,D4、DBSA、SDBS和OP-10分别为微乳液质量的15%,3%,4%和1%时微乳液的流体力学半径最小。进一步研究了反应条件对反应动力学的影响,结果表明,温度越高,催化剂用量越大,D4转化速率越快,但最终的平衡转化率接近。     

十六烷基三甲基溴化铵/正丁醇/正辛烷/水油包水型微乳体系的相行为

文中分别考察了助表面活性剂(正丁醇)、有机溶剂(正辛烷)、温度、钨酸钠溶液浓度对十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)/正丁醇/正辛烷/水油包水(W/O)型微乳区域形成的影响,并对该微乳体系的结构进行了电导研究,确定了微乳液体系形成区域及最佳比例配方。研究表明:助表面活性剂、有机溶剂、盐溶液质量浓度对该微乳液体系的微乳区域都会产生影响,温度对该微乳区域几乎没有影响;且当CTAB/正丁醇质量比为1∶2,(CTAB+正丁醇)/正辛烷质量比为4∶6时(滴加蒸馏水前),能够得到较大且稳定的微乳区域。该研究从热力学相图原理上为纳米粒子可控制备提供了理论依据。     

40.6%阿维菌素·炔螨特微乳剂的配方研究

介绍了40.6%阿维菌素·炔螨特微乳剂的配方研究.简要阐述了该制剂的配方选择及质量指标的测定,通过对助溶剂、乳化剂、稳定剂、抗冻剂、水质等的筛选,有效解决了微乳剂中原药分解、乳液稳定性析晶、热贮pH值降低等问题,确定了合适的配方组成.     

微乳液法制备CdSe纳米线的表征

利用CTAB／环己烷／异丁醇／水作为反应介质,在微乳液体系中制备了CdSe纳米线。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、扫描电子电镜（SEM）表征了CdSe纳米线的形貌和粒径尺寸,研究陈化时间、反应物浓度对CdSe纳米线的影响,结果表明当陈化时间为24h,反应物浓度为0．2mol·L^-1时可合成性能比较好的CdSe纳米线,此时CdSe纳米线产率高、稳定性好。     

制备方法对BaNi0.2Mn0.8Al11O19－δ催化燃烧二甲醚的催化活性的影响

Catalytic combustion of dimethyl ether （DME） over hexaaluminate catalyst BaNi0.2Mn0.8Al11O19-δ has been investigated. The catalysts were prepared with the sol-gel method and reverse microemulsion method respectively and characterized by thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and transimission electron microscope. It was found that the formation of Mn, Ni modified hexaaluminate was a relatively slow process via two solid state reactions and spinel structure was a transition phase. At the same calcined temperature and time, the catalyst prepared with the reverse microemulsion method could form the hexaaluminate phase more easily than that prepared with the sol-gel method. The catalyst BaNi0.2Mn0.8Al11O19-δ prepared with the reverse micro-emulsion method appeared a plate-like morphology, while it appeared a needle-like morphology when using the sol-gel method. The catalytic activities of catalysts BaNi0.2Mn0.8Al11O19-δ prepared with two different methods for DME combustion were tested. It showed that catalyst prepared with the reverse microemulsion method had better catalytic activity, i.e. T10% of DME had decreased by 45℃, about 90% conversion of diemthyl ether at 380℃.     

Sulfur Nanoparticles Synthesis and Characterization from H2S Gas, Using Novel Biodegradable Iron Chelates in W/O Microemulsion

Sulfur nanoparticles were synthesized from hazardous H₂S gas using novel biodegradable iron chelates in w/o microemulsion system. Fe³⁺–malic acid chelate (0.05 M aqueous solution) was studied in w/o microemulsion containing cyclohexane, Triton X-100 and n-hexanol as oil phase, surfactant, co-surfactant, respectively, for catalytic oxidation of H₂S gas at ambient conditions of temperature, pressure, and neutral pH. The structural features of sulfur nanoparticles have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), diffused reflectance infra-red Fourier transform technique, and BET surface area measurements. XRD analysis indicates the presence of α-sulfur. TEM analysis shows that the morphology of sulfur nanoparticles synthesized in w/o microemulsion system is nearly uniform in size (average particle size 10 nm) and narrow particle size distribution (in range of 5–15 nm) as compared to that in aqueous surfactant systems. The EDS analysis indicated high purity of sulfur (>99%). Moreover, sulfur nanoparticles synthesized in w/o microemulsion system exhibit higher antimicrobial activity (against bacteria, yeast, and fungi) than that of colloidal sulfur.     

Effects of the cosurfactant 1‐butanol and feed composition on nanoparticle properties produced by microemulsion copolymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate

The concentration of the cosurfactant 1‐butanol (BuOH) determined the polymer weight and size for a series of poly(styrene‐co‐methyl methacrylate)s (P(St‐co‐MMA)) synthesized by the free‐radical (o/w) microemulsion technique. A factorial design established the levels of the experimental conditions for the polymerization i.e., concentration of the surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS); concentration of the cosurfactant, BuOH; temperature and ratio of the styrene (St) to methyl methacrylate (MMA). An increase in the weight‐average molecular weight (M_w) and number‐average molecular weight (M_n) was observed in the P(St‐co‐MMA) series with an increase in BuOH concentration from 1 to 5 wt %. These effects could arise from the micellar aggregation induced by interfacial BuOH. The unique micellar conditions could be exploited to synthesize copolymers of varying molecular weight and size. Additionally, the composition of the copolymers was virtually templates of the feed composition. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008     

微乳法制备纳米材料的研究进展

综述了微乳法制备纳米材料的基本原理和主要方法,阐述了微乳法制备纳米材料的一些影响因素,以及在纳米材料制备方面的研究现状,并对该领域的研究发展作了展望。     

微乳液进样火焰原子吸收法测定异辛酸钴中的微量镍,锰

建立了微乳液直接进样火焰原子吸收光谱法测定微量镍、锰的方法,确定了仪器工作条件和稳定微乳液的形成条件,用于异辛酸钴中微量镍、锰的测定,取得了满意的结果。该法具有简便、快速、准确的特点。     

水包油乳液剂型的开发和前景

论述农药水包油乳液剂型的类型和特性,较详细地讨论了水乳剂和微乳剂的进展、基本成分、性能、优劣和发展前景,指出微乳剂在国际上不是剂型开发的趋势,国内开发微乳剂应审慎对待,而开发水乳剂则是更安全、有利和有前景的选择。