The application of microencapsulated phase‐change materials to nylon fabric using direct dual coating method

The fabrication of functional textiles able to provide thermal regulation and comfort for the body has attracted increasing interest in recent years. This research investigated fabric coatings containing energy absorbing, temperature stabilizing, phase‐change material microcapsules (PCMMcs), and their methods of application. Specifically, a coated fabric was directly prepared by a dual‐type coating method, in which the PCMMcs were dispersed in a polyurethane coating solution with no binder. The thermal performances of the dual‐coated samples were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, and their physical characteristics were examined by scanning electron microscopy, thermal vision camera, porosity, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and water entry pressure (WEP) analyses. Furthermore, the microclimate characteristics of the thermally enhanced fabrics were investigated under experimental conditions using a human‐clothing‐environment (HCE) simulator system. The study results confirmed the superior performance of the dual‐coated fabrics in terms of thermal regulation and body comfort, compared with those coated by the dry or wet coating method, because of the improved WEP, WVTR, and thermal performance. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

A Microfluidic Strategy for Controllable Generation of Water‐in‐Water Droplets as Biocompatible Microcarriers

Droplet microfluidics has been widely applied in functional microparticles fabricating, tissue engineering, and drug screening due to its high throughput and great controllability. However, most of the current droplet microfluidics are dependent on water‐in‐oil (W/O) systems, which involve organic reagents, thus limiting their broader biological applications. In this work, a new microfluidic strategy is described for controllable and high‐throughput generation of monodispersed water‐in‐water (W/W) droplets. Solutions of polyethylene glycol and dextran are used as continuous and dispersed phases, respectively, without any organic reagents or surfactants. The size of W/W droplets can be precisely adjusted by changing the flow rate of dispersed and continuous phases and the valve switch cycle. In addition, uniform cell‐laden microgels are fabricated by introducing the alginate component and rat pancreatic islet (β‐TC6) cell suspension to the dispersed phase. The encapsulated islet cells retain high viability and the function of insulin secretion after cultivation for 7 days. The high‐throughput droplet microfluidic system with high biocompatibility is stable, controllable, and flexible, which can boost various chemical and biological applications, such as bio‐oriented microparticles synthesizing, microcarriers fabricating, tissue engineering, etc.     

相变材料微胶囊机械性能评价方法研究进展

相变材料微胶囊广泛应用于宇航飞机、新型战机、雷达系统、节能建筑、废热回收、农业大棚、冷热循环流体和调温服装等领域。从使用角度讲,相变材料微胶囊的囊壁应具有良好的机械性能,但不同应用场合对微胶囊囊壁机械性能的要求也不同。综述了国内外关于相变材料微胶囊机械性能评价方法的研究进展。指出应综合分析相变材料微胶囊颗粒在若干典型应用场合下的受力状态,并在此基础上构建具有较宽适用范围的机械性能评价方法。     

Effects of the drying method on the oxidative stability of the free and encapsulated fractions of microencapsulated sunflower oil

The influence of the drying method, freeze-drying and spray-drying, on the oxidative stability of microencapsulated sunflower oil depended on the type of encapsulation matrix. For a dairy-type matrix, formed by sodium caseinate and lactose, greater losses of tocopherols were detected during spray-drying, but both the free and encapsulated oil fractions were more stable against lipid oxidation than their freeze-dried counterparts. Results suggested that the free oil was also constituted by droplets that preserved their interfacial membrane and were protected by the matrix. Therefore, the free oil was not necessarily the non-encapsulated fraction. For a matrix constituted by gelatine, maltodextrin and sucrose, the emulsion showed low stability and a great destabilisation during spray-drying. No significant effect of the drying method on the oxidative stability of the encapsulated fraction was found with this matrix, but the free oil of the spray-dried sample oxidised faster, probably due to the emulsion destabilisation observed, which gave rise to a great amount of oil on the particle surface as a consequence of large droplets poorly stabilised.     

New quaternary additive for processing fully ceramic microencapsulated fuels without applied pressure

To apply SiC ceramics as a matrix for fully ceramic microencapsulated (FCM) fuels, the equivalent boron content (EBC) factors of elements in the sintering additives should be considered as an important criterion. A previously developed quaternary additive composition based on AlN–Y₂O₃–Sc₂O₃–MgO contained Sc, which has a relatively high EBC factor (8.56 × 10^?3). This study proposes a novel quaternary additive composition (AlN–Y₂O₃–CeO₂–MgO), in which Sc is replaced by Ce (EBC factor = 6.36 × 10^-5). The new additive composition achieved successful densification of the SiC matrix at 1850 °C without applied pressure. FCM pellets containing 36 vol% tristructural isotropic (TRISO) particles were successfully sintered at 1850 °C using the above matrix without applied pressure. The thermal conductivities of the FCM pellets prepared via pressureless sintering with 36 vol% TRISO particles were 43.9 W·m^-1·K^-1 and 25.8 W·m^-1·K^-1 at 25 °C and 500 °C, respectively.     

槽式太阳能集热管内相变微胶囊悬浮液的热力性能分析

针对传统使用水基和油基的太阳能集热器换热效果低和管壁热应力大的问题,以相变微胶囊悬浮液为工作流体,对抛物型槽式太阳能集热器进行了三维建模。采用蒙特卡罗射线追踪法结合有限容积法和有限元法的方法求解了太阳能集热管的光?热?力耦合问题,采用欧拉?欧拉多相流模型研究了相变微胶囊悬浮液在集热管内的流动换热特性。结果表明,相变微胶囊悬浮液强化了集热管内的对流换热,不仅降低了集热管的沿程壁温,且减少了集热管的周向温差,均化了集热管温度分布。集热管周向等效热应力呈花瓣型分布,对应的5个高温度梯度的位置附近(圆周角θ=5°, 90°, 175°, 225°和315°)出现等效应力局部峰值。吸热管内壁面θ=90°处轴向热应力为压应力,作用于整个管程,而径向热应力和切向热应力为拉应力,主要作用在进出口端。相变微胶囊悬浮液浓度越高,强化换热效果越好,集热管热应力越小,但产生的压降也随之增大。     

微胶囊化相变材料的制备与评价方法

微胶囊化相变材料(MCPCM)是将微胶囊技术应用于相变材料而形成的新型复合材料,具有广阔的应用前景,现已成为相变材料应用研究领域的热点。该文综述了MCPCM的4种主要制备方法——原位聚合法、界面聚合法、凝聚法和喷雾干燥法的原理及国内外研究情况。总结了MCPCM的评价方法,将文献中常见的评价指标分成了两类,即"与制备有关的评价指标"和"与应用有关的评价指标",并介绍了相应的表征手段。指出了MCPCM在选材、制备及评价等方面存在的问题和今后的研究方向。     

微胶囊红磷的制备及其阻燃环氧树脂的性能研究

以预先合成的密胺甲醛树脂预聚物为壳,通过原位聚合法制备了微胶囊红磷,采用扫描电镜观察到微胶囊红磷颗粒表面包覆一层网状的壳材料。研究了红磷和微胶囊红磷阻燃环氧树脂(EP)的耐热性能、阻燃性能及力学性能。结果表明,微胶囊红磷阻燃EP的耐热性和质量保持率明显提高,添加质量分数10%的微胶囊红磷的阻燃EP的阻燃性能达到UL 94 V–0级,其阻燃性能优于红磷阻燃EP。微胶囊红磷阻燃EP的拉伸强度为30.3 MPa,冲击强度为11.4 kJ/m2,分别比相同用量红磷阻燃EP提高了6.0%和21.3%,其冲击强度比纯EP提高了17.5%,表明微胶囊红磷与基体树脂间的相容性大大改善,可显著提高材料的韧性。     

储热领域的微胶囊相变材料

介绍了微胶囊相变材料的特点、相变机理及在储热领域的应用,展望了微胶囊相变材料的发展前景。