行人交通微观仿真中碰撞检测模型研究

结合行人交通的特征和计算机仿真的实际需要,构建出一个新的适用于行人交通微观仿真的碰撞检测模型,该模型以经典的包围盒法为基本思路,分解出"交叉"和"同道"2类行人碰撞类型,并构建出了相应的阈值算法。该模型在实际应用中能较好地解决行人微观仿真中行人交叠的问题,使仿真效果更加贴近实际。     

用改良模型分析缺陷混凝土梁的动强度

改进了传统的数字混凝土建模方法,利用新方法建立了存在初始缺陷的混凝土梁三点弯数值试验模型,随后对所建立的模型进行了3种工况的数值模拟。分析了初始缺陷的存在对混凝土动强度的影响规律,结果显示：在加载初期,加载速率越高,初始缺陷对材料动强度的影响越明显,但是在加载后期此影响减弱;当荷载达到材料的强度点时,不同的加载速率下,初始缺陷对混凝土材料动强度影响均不显著。通过与试验结果的对比,发现改进后的模型计算精度高于传统模型,计算结果更加合理,在工程实际当中能够取代传统的数字混凝土模型。     

Fault prediction and the discriminative powers of connectivity-based object-oriented class cohesion metrics

Context

Several metrics have been proposed to measure the extent to which class members are related. Connectivity-based class cohesion metrics measure the degree of connectivity among the class members.

Objective

We propose a new class cohesion metric that has higher discriminative power than any of the existing cohesion metrics. In addition, we empirically compare the connectivity and non-connectivity-based cohesion metrics.

Method

The proposed class cohesion metric is based on counting the number of possible paths in a graph that represents the connectivity pattern of the class members. We theoretically and empirically validate this path connectivity class cohesion (PCCC) metric. The empirical validation compares seven connectivity-based metrics, including PCCC, and 11 non-connectivity-based metrics in terms of discriminative and fault detection powers. The discriminative-power study explores the probability that a cohesion metric will incorrectly determine classes to be cohesively equal when they have different connectivity patterns. The fault detection study investigates whether connectivity-based metrics, including PCCC, better explain the presence of faults from a statistical standpoint in comparison to other non-connectivity-based cohesion metrics, considered individually or in combination.

Results

The theoretical validation demonstrates that PCCC satisfies the key cohesion properties. The results of the empirical studies indicate that, in contrast to other connectivity-based cohesion metrics, PCCC is much better than any comparable cohesion metric in terms of its discriminative power. In addition, the results also indicate that PCCC measures cohesion aspects that are not captured by other metrics, wherein it is considerably better than other connectivity-based metrics but slightly worse than some other non-connectivity-based cohesion metrics in terms of its ability to predict faulty classes.

Conclusion

PCCC is more useful in practice for the applications in which practitioners need to distinguish between the quality of different classes or the quality of different implementations of the same class.     

古瓷釉显微结构定量分析系统的设计

显微结构定量分析系统是集古瓷釉显微结构图的图像分析,数据提取及数据库管理于一体,可以满足用户的基本需求．系统中运用了体视学基本原理,提取出了陶瓷结构的二维基本数据,从而可以进一步得到三维普适参量,以达到对分析结构的特征重建目的．     

行人交通微观仿真中碰撞检测模型研究

结合行人交通的特征和计算机仿真的实际需要,构建出一个新的适用于行人交通微观仿真的碰撞检测模型,该模型以经典的包围盒法为基本思路,分解出“交叉”和“同道”2类行人碰撞类型,并构建出了相应的阈值算法。该模型在实际应用中能较好地解决行人微观仿真中行人交叠的问题,使仿真效果更加贴近实际。     

Vehicle actuation based short-term traffic flow prediction model for signalized intersections

Traffic flow prediction is an important component for real-time traffic-adaptive signal control in urban arterial networks. By exploring available detector and signal controller information from neighboring intersections, a dynamic data-driven flow prediction model was developed. The model consists of two prediction components based on the signal states (red or green) for each movement at an upstream intersection. The characteristics of each signal state were carefully examined and the corresponding travel time from the upstream intersection to the approach in question at the downstream intersection was predicted. With an online turning proportion estimation method, along with the predicted travel times, the anticipated vehicle arrivals can be forecasted at the downstream intersection. The model performance was tested at a set of two signalized intersections located in the city of Gainesville, Florida, USA, using the CORSIM microscopic simulation package. Analysis results show that the model agrees well with empirical arrival data measured at 10 s intervals within an acceptable range of 10%–20%, and show a normal distribution. It is reasonably believed that the model has potential applicability for use in truly proactive real-time traffic adaptive signal control systems.     

金属蒸气电弧弧前形成过程及影响因素

为了探求金属蒸气电弧弧前形成机理及宏观参数对微观弧前过程的的影响,基于漂移扩散方程组与泊松方程,对触头分断后的金属蒸气电弧弧前过程进行了数学建模与求解.仿真分析了触头间距离为4 mm,触头间电压为750 V,金属蒸气压强为66.66 Pa,温度为293.15 K条件下金属蒸气电弧的弧前过程.通过仿真结果得到金属蒸气电弧的动态弧前过程形成机理及宏观影响因素,很好地解释了金属蒸气电弧弧前过程中空间电荷时变规律及鞘层的形成机理,并从微观角度解释了开距及二次电子发射系数变化对弧前过程的影响.     

发泡丁腈橡胶-金属密封板的制备

针对发泡橡胶-金属密封板的泡孔不均匀而导致的密封板密封性较差的问题,采用丁腈橡胶为涂覆层,不锈钢板为基体制备发泡丁腈橡胶-金属密封板,分别研究时间、温度、发泡剂用量和环氧树脂用量四个单因素对涂覆橡胶发泡率的影响,采用正交实验优化出最佳工艺条件为:发泡剂用量10%、环氧树脂用量30%、硫化温度140 ℃和硫化时间20 min.200 ℃热稳定性实验结果表明,密封板不起皮、失重为0.08 g; 偏光显微镜研究密封板的微观形貌表明,泡孔平均直径为68.35 μm,发泡均匀,有助于密封性能的提高.     

基于一致性算法的多智能体系统能控性性质

针对多智能体系统能控性方面的问题,采用图论及矩阵的方法研究了多智能体系统在对称拓扑和多领航者情况下的能控性,给出了拓扑结构为对称的系统能控性的几个性质。在领航者为多个时,指出了不对称的拓扑结构不再是多智能体系统能控性的必要条件。证明结果表明,图中连通枝的对称性（不是整个图对称）将导致系统的不能控以及在领航者是多个的情况下,如果领航者是来自任意的单元素单元,那么系统是不能控的。该结果为分析基于一致性算法的多智能体能控性提供了新的启示。     

H-Solid State NMR Studies of Tunneling Phenomena and Isotope Effects in Transition Metal Dihydrides

In many transition metal dihydrides and dihydrogen complexes the hydrogens are relatively weakly bound and exhibit a fairly high mobility, in particular with respect to their mutual exchange. Part of this high mobility is due to the exchange symmetry of the two hydrogens, which causes an energy splitting into even and odd spatial energy eigenfunctions, resulting in the typical coherent tunneling of a two-level system. Owing to the quantum mechanical symmetry selection principles the eigenfunctions are connected to the possible nuclear spin states of the system. If the tunneling frequency is in the proper frequency window it is thus possible to observe these tunneling transitions by NMR at very low temperatures, where no thermally induced exchange reactions overshadow the tunneling. The first part of this review gives an introduction into the interplay of chemical kinetics and tunneling phenomena in general, rotational tunneling of dihydrogen in a two-fold potential in particular and the Bell tunnel model, followed by a summary of solid state NMR techniques for the observation of these tunnel processes. Then a discussion of the effects of these processes on the ²H NMR line shape is given. The second part of the review reports results of a ²H-solid state NMR spectroscopy and T₁ relaxatiometry study of trans-[Ru(D₂)Cl(PPh₂CH₂CH₂PPh₂)₂]PF₆, in the temperature regime from 5.4 to 320 K. In the Ru-D₂ sample coherent tunneling and incoherent exchange processes on the time scale of the quadrupolar interaction are observed. From the spectra and T₁-data the height of the tunneling barrier is determined. Next results of ²H-spin–lattice relaxation measurements for a selectively η² − D₂ labeled isotopomer of the complex W(PCy₃)₂(CO)₃)(η² − D₂) are presented and discussed. The relaxation measurements are analyzed in terms of a simple one dimensional Bell tunnel model and comparison to incoherent neutron scattering (INS) data from the H₂ complex. The comparison reveals a strong isotope effect of 2 × 10³ for the exchange rates of the deuterons versus hydrons.