微波合成SiO2气凝胶核/聚苯乙烯壳微球研究

将水玻璃为硅源所制备的纳米孔硅气凝胶与苯乙烯单体用微波加热合成法制备出SiO2气凝胶核/聚苯乙烯壳复合微球.用顺序间隔取样测试方法试验复合微球的密度、转化率和包覆率与微波合成温度、时间和聚合体系各组分变化情况,分析讨论了影响变化因素和原因.通过TEM和FE-SEM对复合微球进行结构与形貌表征.结果表明,优选体系组分配比为SiO2气凝胶3g、苯乙烯21g、乙醇水溶剂配比为380g∶20g、引发剂4.2g及稳定剂2g,微波合成工艺参数为加热功率500W,加热时间40min、加热温度60℃.在此工艺条件下合成,复合微球合成转化率是67.1%、包覆率为32.7%,制备出的核壳结构复合微球的粒径约为100~200nm、震实密度为0.353g/cm3,且表面凹凸不平状似"草莓"的微粒.     

Direct reduction of carburized pre-reduced pellets by microwave heating简

A new iron-making process using carburized pre-reduced iron ore pellets and microwave heating is investigated. The pre-reduced pellets, with a porous structure, and fine particles are carburized homogeneously at 400-650 ℃ in a CO atmosphere. The carburized carbon not only acts reaction as a reduction agent, but also absorbs microwave in the reduction process. Hence, the carburized pre-reduced pellets can be rapidly reduced by microwave heating. There are three procedures involved in the process, namely, gas-based pre-reduction, low-temperatttre carburization and deep reduction by microwave heating. Carburized pre-reduced iron ore pellets show a rapid temperature rise that is twice as fast as the results for pre-reduced pellets in the laboratory. This not only improves the efficiency of the microwave heating, but also accelerates the reduction of iron oxides. The temperature of the pre-reduced pellets rises to 1050 ℃ in 45 min when the carburization rate is 2.02%, and the metallization rate and compressive strength reach 94.24% and 1725 N/pellet, respectively.     

基于GaAs电感模型的微波功率放大器

基于0.15μm砷化镓(GaAs)工艺建立一种电感模型,并用高频结构模拟器(High Frequency Structure Simulator,HFSS)仿真验证,并在此基础上设计一种微波功率放大器,并用高级系统设计软件(Advanced Design System,ADS)进行仿真。仿真结果显示在8¹2GHz频率范围内,饱和输出功率大于21.9dBm,1dB压缩点输出功率大于20dBm,功率增益大于26dB,功率附加效率大于34%,稳定系数大于1。     

玉米须总皂苷提取方法比较研究

以玉米须为原料,对玉米须总皂苷的提取方法进行研究.考察有机试剂浸提法、超声法、微波法对玉米须总皂苷提取率的影响,并对这三种方法的动力学特性进行对比.试验结果表明：有机溶剂浸提法提取玉米须总皂苷得率较高,但有机溶剂用量较大,实验时间较长;微波法和超声法试验相对简单,时间较短、温度较低、提取速率较快.因此,微波法和超声法作为玉米须总皂苷的提取方法值得推广.     

Hydrothermal microwave-assisted synthesis of LaFeO3 catalyst for N2O decomposition

Lanthanum orthoferrite powders were synthesized via one-step hydrothermal reactions under mild conditions using microwave and conventional heating. The use of microwave irradiation during the synthesis allows one to obtain nanocrystalline LaFeO₃ with a higher yield and reduced crystallite and particle size within a 16 times shorter duration (3 hours) at a lower temperature of 220°C as compared to the conventional heating. The catalytic decomposition of nitrous oxide was performed over both samples, it was shown that the sample obtained under microwave conditions demonstrates enhanced activity as a catalyst: N₂O decomposes completely at 700°C over the catalyst formed at microwave conditions, while the comparative catalyst prepared by conventional heating reaches a lower conversion of only 60% at the same temperature and catalytic reaction conditions.     

Optimized sintering behavior and microwave dielectric properties of Ca1+2xSnSi2x+yO3+6x+2y by composition modulation

Ca_1+2xSnSi_2x+yO_3+6x+2y (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.9; 0.1 ≤ y ≤ 0.9) microwave dielectric ceramics were prepared through traditional solid-state reaction sintered at 1450°C–1500°C for 5 hours. The Ca₃SnSi₂O₉ second phase replaced the SnO₂ second phase of the Ca_1+2xSnSi_2xO_3+6x (x = 0, y = 0) ceramics by controlling the ratio of Ca:Sn:Si. The cracks of CaSnO₃ (x = 0, y = 0) ceramic were inhibited, the microwave dielectric properties were optimized by introducing the Ca₃SnSi₂O₉ second phase, and the CaSnO₃-Ca₃SnSi₂O₉ mixture system existed at (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.9, y = 0). The CaSnSiO₅ phase with positive τ_f value was related to the Si-rich in CaSnSi_yO_3+2y (x = 0; 0.1 ≤ y ≤ 0.9), and the coexistence of three and four phases was obtained at CaSnSi_yO_3+2y (0.1 ≤ y ≤ 0.9) ceramics. The CaSnSiO₅ phase appeared at CaSnSi_yO_3+2y (0.3 ≤ y ≤ 0.9) ceramics. The CaSnSi_yO_3+2y (y = 0.8) ceramic with 49.2 wt% CaSnSiO₅ phase exhibited excellent microwave dielectric properties: ε_r = 11.06, Q × f = 57,500 GHz (at 11.5 GHz), and τ_f = +8.1 ppm/°C.     

Low-fire processing and microwave dielectric properties of LB glass-doped Ba3.75Nd9.5Ti17.5(Cr0.5Nb0.5)0.5O54 ceramic

The effects of LB glass on the sintering behavior, structure, and dielectric properties for the Ba_3.75Nd_9.5Ti_17.5(Cr_0.5Nb_0.5)_0.5O₅₄ (BNTCN) ceramic were investigated. The results showed that the LB glass, as an effective sintering aid, successfully lowered the sintering temperature of BNTCN ceramic by formation of the liquid phase. Furthermore, the change of the structure and decrease in grain size had influences on the electrical conductivity, thermal stability, and microwave dielectric properties for the BNTCN ceramics doped LB glass. Finally, the excellent microwave dielectric properties with ε_r = 73.4, Q × f = 5277 GHz, and τ_f = +7.1 ppm/°C were obtained for samples sintered at 950°C when x = 5, indicating the BNTCN ceramic doped with 5 wt% LB glass is a promoting LTCC material.     

Phase evolution,crystal structure,and microwave dielectric properties of gillespite-type ceramics

A gillespite-structured MCuSi₄O₁₀ (M = Ba_1-xSr_x, Sr_1-xCa_x) ceramics with tetrahedral structure (P4/ncc) were prepared by solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry with differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) were employed to study the phase synthesis process of BaCuSi₄O₁₀. Pure BaCuSi₄O₁₀ phase was obtained at 1075°C and decomposed into BaSiO₃, BaCuSi₂O₆, and SiO₂ when calcined at 1200°C. The relationships between the crystal structure and microwave dielectric properties of MCuSi₄O₁₀ ceramics were revealed based on the Rietveld refinement and P-V-L complex chemical bond theory. The dielectric constant (ε_r) decreased linearly with decreasing total bond susceptibility and ionic polarizability. Quality factor (Q × f) was closely dependent on bond strength and lattice energy. The temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τ_f) was controlled by the stability of [CuO₄]⁶⁻ plane in MCuSi₄O₁₀. Optimum microwave dielectric properties were obtained for SrCuSi₄O₁₀ when sintered at 1100°C for 3 hours with a ε_r of 5.59, a Q × f value of 82 252 GHz, and a τ_f of −41.34 ppm/°C. Thus, SrCuSi₄O₁₀ is a good candidate for millimeter-wave devices.     

Ti4+ modified MgZrNb2O8 microwave dielectric ceramics with an ultra-high quality factor

Ti⁴⁺-modified MgZrNb₂O₈ (MgZr_1-xTi_xNb₂O₈, x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) ceramics were synthesized using the traditional solid-state reaction method. Pure MgZr_1–xTi_xNb₂O₈ was detected without any secondary phase via the X-ray diffraction patterns. According to the sintering behavior and the surface morphology results, the introduction of Ti⁴⁺ reduced the sintering temperature and promoted the grain growth. The correlations between the dielectric properties and the crystal structure were analyzed through the Rietveld refinement and Raman spectroscopy. The slight shifts of the Raman peaks, corresponding to different vibration modes, were induced by the substitution of Ti⁴⁺ for Zr⁴⁺ and related to the improved quality factor. In general, the sample of MgZr_0.9Ti_0.1Nb₂O₈ sintered at 1320°C for 4 h exhibited promising microwave dielectric properties with an ultra-high Q × f value of 130 123 GHz (at 7.308 GHz, 20°C), which is potential for 5G communication applications.     

微波化学反应的无量纲准数动力学模型研究：以偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐（AIBA）分解反应为例

微波辅助化学已成为备受关注的研究课题,但微波反应动力学模型缺乏系统的研究严重阻碍了微波在化学工业化上的应用,微波化学反应在化学工程化的放大设计及应用缺乏基础依据。以偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐（AIBA）分解反应为例,通过选择合适的溶剂调整其复配比例,得到一系列具有不同沸点的混合溶剂作为反应介质,使反应在混合溶剂沸点下进行,以保证反应过程中微波的持续作用来研究微波反应动力学。从微波作用下动量传递、热量传递和质量传递的影响因素进行考虑,选择了对微波化学反应必须和充分的因素,包括微波功率密度 p、黏度 μ、密度ρ、反应物的浓度 C_A、温度 T、热导率 λ、损耗角正切δ 和微波辐射频率f。采用量纲分析方法,通过模型分析建立了微波分解反应动力学模型。通过大量的实验数据进行拟合,回归出特定反应的模型参数。该模型估算值与实验值的误差较小,相关性较高,具有一定的预测能力可解决微波反应过程放大的基础性问题,有望用于指导微波工业化生产。