Standardised building in housing construction and economical construction methods

Building prices and construction costs for housing construction in Germany are growing dynamically. The main cost drivers are still legal, normative and other regulations that are generally drawn up at federal level. However, the trend in building prices also shows that intense building activity is also affecting prices. This trend is also complex: the trend in the groups of trades concerned with carcass work can be categorised between the rate of inflation and increased building prices. The price trend in the whole of technical completion, on the other hand, is disproportionate, and it is these completion trades (heating, ventilation, sanitation and electrical) that are actually driving construction costs. Building materials for primary construction of our residential buildings are also developing at different rates. Masonry falls within the sphere of the general growth rate of prices, while reinforced concrete and wood are much higher. This overall trend shows the finiteness of supposedly simple solutions for accelerating the rate of construction in housing construction. Serial building can only offer a niche solution. Far more intelligent is the use of standardised construction, i.e. repetition of ideal ground plans, development types and standardised buildings that can be adapted to the conditions at each site. Furthermore, it is clear that the use of masonry construction in a multi‐floor residential building is still the most economical type of building to construct in Germany.     

Electrochemical behaviour assessment of novel Mg-rich Mg–Al–RE alloys (RE = Ce, Er)

The electrochemical behaviour of new Mg–Al–RE (RE = Ce, Er) alloys AE91 was investigated in 0.01 M NaCl electrolyte (pH = 12) and compared with that of the most commonly used Mg alloy in the automotive field, the AZ91D. Scanning electron microscopy and quantitative electron probe microanalysis were used to characterize the samples prior to the electrochemical tests. AE91 alloys showed very similar microstructures characterized by a three-phase appearance: a Mg-based solid solution containing only Al and two intermetallic phases γ(Mg₁₇Al₁₂) and (Al_1 − xMg_x)₃Ce or (Al_1 − xMg_x)₂Er. Free corrosion potential measurements, potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed improved passivity behaviour compared to AZ91D alloy. The apparent presence of trace amounts of rare earth oxides in the passive film is presumed to be the reason for the enhanced corrosion resistance of AE91 alloys in the aggressive environment considered.     

利用测量台测试的数据判断通信线路障碍位置

文章介绍了利用测量台测试的数据,判断地气、混线、断线、串杂音等障碍的位置,其准确率达到90%以上.     

Glass forming ability and crystallization behavior of Al–Ni–RE metallic glasses

Atomic size may change due to the interaction between different elements when pure metals are synthesized into alloys. In present paper, the effective atomic radii instead of the nominal radii were introduced in the cluster line method to predict the optimum glass forming compositions in Al-based Al–Ni–RE (RE = La, Y, Ce, Gd, Dy) systems. Wedge-shaped samples of the alloys were suction cast under well-controlled condition to experimentally determine the dependence of the glass forming ability (GFA) on the composition. It is found that such a modification to the method makes the prediction very close to the experimental results. When the effective atomic radii are used to calculate the topological instability parameter originally proposed by Egami and Waseda, λ′, the λ′ corresponding to the best GFA in each Al–Ni–RE system linearly changes with the radius of the RE element. Meantime, the onset temperature of crystallization and mixing enthalpy linearly increase with the λ′.     

杂填土条件下混凝土灌注桩塌孔的预防措施

对塌孔原因进行了分析,提出了避免群机近距离作业、调整泥浆比重、加干红土造浆护壁等预防混凝土塌方的措施,达到了比较好的效果,解决了在杂填土层上塌孔的问题.     

杂铜中贵金属分析的制样方法

研究了杂铜中贵金属分析样品加工粒度与样品代表性的关系,及磨样时间对样品氧化的影响.结果表明,样品在磨样机内研磨不超过10min不会影响金、钯的含量,粒度为95%-1.6mm的样品具有良好的均匀性和代表性.采用本法制取的样品,其金、钯分析结果的相对标准偏差小于2%.     

Calculation of the long-range order parameter from atom probe data

In addition to the known diffraction techniques, field-ion microscopy with atom probe is well established for determining the long-range order parameter. The site occupation probabilities of the chemical species on the different sublattices may be estimated from experimental profiles. However, this evaluation method demands that the superstructure planes be identified unequivocally from the data. This condition is not fulfilled in all cases. We propose a new analytical method for which this condition need not be met.     

Mechanisms of group psychotherapy: Processes and dynamics.

"Some 300 articles in the literature of group psychotherapy were examined to locate expressions referring to effecting dynamic processes of therapy. Some 200 items were obtained and reduced by inspection to nine general classes and a miscellaneous class. The nine general classes appear to reduce to three factors: an intellectual one, consisting of universalization, intellectualization, and spectator therapy; an emotional one, consisting of acceptance, altruism and transference; and an actional factor, consisting of reality testing, interaction, and ventilation." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)