Plasmonic Dual‐Enhancement and Precise Color Tuning of Gold Nanorod@SiO2 Coupled Core–Shell–Shell Upconversion Nanocrystals

The last decade has witnessed the remarkable research progress of lanthanide‐doped upconversion nanocrystals (UCNCs) at the forefront of promising applications. However, the future development and application of UCNCs are constrained greatly by their underlying shortcomings such as significant nonradiative processes, low quantum efficiency, and single emission colors. Here a hybrid plasmonic upconversion nanostructure consisting of a GNR@SiO₂ coupled with NaGdF₄:Yb³⁺,Nd³⁺@NaGdF₄:Yb³⁺,Er³⁺@NaGdF₄ core–shell–shell UCNCs is rationally designed and fabricated, which exhibits strongly enhanced UC fluorescence (up to 20 folds) and flexibly tunable UC colors. The experimental findings show that controlling the SiO₂ spacer thickness enables readily manipulating the intensity ratio of the Er³⁺ red, green, and blue emissions, thereby allowing us to achieve the emission color tuning from pale yellow to green upon excitation at 808 nm. Electrodynamic simulations reveal that the tunable UC colors are due to the interplay of plasmon‐mediated simultaneous excitation and emission enhancements in the Er³⁺ green emission yet only excitation enhancement in the blue and red emissions. The results not only provide an upfront experimental design for constructing hybrid plasmonic UC nanostructures with high efficiency and color tunability, but also deepen the understanding of the interaction mechanism between the Er³⁺ emissions and plasmon resonances in such complex hybrid nanostructure.     

基于局部特性的指纹细节点提取算法

提出了一种基于二值指纹局部特性提取细节点的算法.该算法与快速并行细化算法相比,在提取细节点准确性相当的情况下,速度大为提升.使用FVC2002指纹数据库测试表明,该算法可靠、高效.     

Low-light image enhancement via deep Retinex decomposition and bilateral learning

Low-light images enhancement is a challenging task because enhancing image brightness and reducing image degradation should be considered simultaneously. Although existing deep learning-based methods improve the visibility of low-light images, many of them tend to lose details or sacrifice naturalness. To address these issues, we present a multi-stage network for low-light image enhancement, which consists of three sub-networks. More specifically, inspired by the Retinex theory and the bilateral grid technique, we first design a reflectance and illumination decomposition network to decompose an image into reflectance and illumination maps efficiently. To increase the brightness while preserving edge information, we then devise an attention-guided illumination adjustment network. The reflectance and the adjusted illumination maps are fused and refined by adversarial learning to reduce image degradation and improve image naturalness. Experiments are conducted on our rebuilt SICE low-light image dataset, which consists of 1380 real paired images and a public dataset LOL, which has 500 real paired images and 1000 synthetic paired images. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods quantitatively and qualitatively.     

基于多重分形的红外图像增强技术

红外图像边缘模糊,对比度较低,不适合人眼观察,应该对其进行增强.但是,以往的增强方法对噪声增强过度,使细节失真,且未考虑人眼的视觉特性,视觉效果不够好.提出用多重分形理论对红外图像进行分析,提取了红外图像的多重分形奇异指数和多重分形谱特征.分析得到了图像每个像素的分形特征数据,利用人眼的视觉敏感特征把图像的像素分为平滑区、纹理区和边缘区.人眼视觉空间频率特征对图像细节的边缘区域比较敏感,利用这一特性对图像加权增强.最后,进行了计算机仿真实验,实验结果表明:该方法能够突显人眼敏感的图像区域,解决红外图像边缘模糊的问题,使增强图像更适合人眼观察.     

基于广义直方图均衡的图像增强新方法

针对传统直方图均衡方法进行图像增强时导致图像细节信息丢失和噪声放大的问题,提出了广义直方图均衡图像增强方法。传统直方图是基于整数1进行计数的,广义直方图将整数1分解成2个值:分数和余数,通过对每个灰度级累计分数值和在所有灰度级均匀分配余数值生成。由于分数值控制着广义直方图均衡的效果,图像中不同特性区域应该具有不同的分数值,给出了基于局部复杂度计算的分数值求取方法。实验结果表明本方法能有效克服传统直方图均衡法丢失目标细节和过分放大噪声的不足,是一种有效的图像增强方法。     

一种水下图像增强算法的实现和仿真

〗由于水下环境的特殊性和复杂性,使得水下图像的质量差、图像对比度低。文中给出了一种基于空间域的图像增强方法,该算法利用均值算法估计水下图像背景,从原水下图像衰减背景图像,再对衰减背景之后的图像进行改进的图像锐化处理。通过对算法仿真结果的分析可知,处理后的图像整体对比度明显提升,同时使得目标的边缘更加清晰。     

基于先验知识与大气散射模型的图像增强算法

针对现有图像增强算法大多不具备处理多种类型降质图像的能力,提出一种基于先验知识与大气散射模型的快速图像增强算法.首先,通过大量实验统计,提出一种新的图像先验-明亮通道先验,即高质量清晰图像中每个像素邻域都极有可能存在白点;随后,对散射模型所存在的缺陷加以改进,并结合明亮通道先验与黑色通道先验,推导出场景反射率的恢复公式;最后,针对黑色通道先验失效情况,提出一种基于可靠性预测的容错机制,以提高其适用范围.实验结果表明:本文算法不但可以有效的突出纹理细节,还具有一定的色调恢复功能,能够处理多种不同类型的降质图像.     

基于神经网络的图像亮度和对比度自适应增强

提出一种高频增强与神经网络相结合的图像亮度和对比度自适应增强方法。利用均值滤波获取原始图像的低频分量,由原始图像与低频分量的差值获取图像的高频分量。同时引入神经网络方法,建立图像的灰度均值、标准偏差与亮度和对比度两个增强系数的非线性映射关系,根据图像本身的均值与标准偏差自动获取增强系数,从而实现图像的亮度和对比度的自适应增强。该方法计算量小,实时性强,对亮度和对比度都较低的图像增强效果较好,可用于图像动态检测系统。为了验证算法的可行性,将所提出的方法应用到货车故障动态图像检测系统(TFDS)所采集的动态图像处理中,获得了好的效果。     

一种用于电视系统中的图像清晰度测量算法及实现

本文介绍了数字电视中用于增强图像画质的一种清晰度测量的方法,该方法使用图像中的频率信息、细节信息和局部图像的动态范围来判断当前输入的图像是一幅真实的高清图像还是在信号传输过程中被放大成高清信号的伪高清图像信号。从而利用得出的清晰度测量结果对真实高清图像信号和伪高清图像信号进行不同的清晰度和对比度调整。该方法的设计应用填补了数字电视图像后处理中对于原始信号检测的一个空白。本文介绍了该方法的基本原理和具体实现的算法,并讨论了该算法的硬件实现方案和代价。     

自适应三维分数阶微分增强算法

针对三维数字图像在重构预处理阶段分辨率不高、模糊等影响重构精度的问题,提出了基于自适应三维分数阶微分的增强算法。在将二维分数阶微分推广应用至三维的基础上,尝试性地基于图像自身梯度信息和相邻体素间梯度变化构造了自适应三维分数阶微分阶数,并给出了三维离散滤波模板。利用三维切片图像自身梯度信息解决了不同属性图像及不同图像区域最优的分数阶微分阶数不同的问题,提高了实时处理效率。将自适应增强算法应用至三维边缘曲面追踪算法,可以重构出精度更高的三维数字图像。