关于天然气管网安全掺氢比10%的商榷

大力发展氢能是实现“碳达峰、碳中和”目标的重要途径之一。将氢气掺入现有天然气管网利于实现氢能经济高效、大规模输送与应用。安全掺氢比是掺氢天然气管输系统有待解决的关键问题之一。有观点提出当掺氢天然气中的掺氢比在10%以下时,可无需加以验证地直接通过天然气管网输送。本文提出从目前来看,该观点不成立。文章从管网系统掺氢适应性、示范项目掺氢比探讨和标准规范3个方面阐述了个中缘由。文中指出,掺氢天然气管输技术正处于起步阶段,其安全保障还面临诸多挑战,任何结论都需要经过反复论证和验证,以稳步推动氢能产业发展。     

主要工艺参数对串联式磨盘挤出机混合性能的影响

采用Polyflow软件模拟了聚合物熔体在串联式磨盘挤出机混炼段内的混合过程。将混合指数和分离尺度作为评价指标,借助统计学方法,分析了主要工艺参数(转速和喂料速率)对串联式磨盘挤出机混合性能的影响。研究结果表明:转速增大,串联式磨盘挤出机的分散混合性能和分布混合性能提高;喂料速率增大,串联式磨盘挤出机分散混合性能下降,但喂料速率对串联式磨盘挤出机分布混合性能影响较小。     

液化温度对混合原料酒精高浓度发酵的影响

从液化温度对混合原料高浓度发酵的影响角度出发,分析了不同混合原料对液化温度的需求。通过试验表明,玉米原料采用105℃液化,而其他原料采用95℃液化,原料液化后再混合进行发酵的方式比原料混合后液化的方式发酵酒度提高7.2%。     

Effect of mixer geometry and operating conditions on flow mixing of shear thinning fluids with yield stress

Flow mixing of a non‐Newtonian fluid in a stirred tank equipped with a side‐entry impeller was observed using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The effects of some geometrical parameters including the mixer shape and impeller type and position on the flow pattern were studied on velocity fields obtained at different locations inside the mixing domain. The different flow structures revealed that the ratio of inertial and viscous forces largely defines the flow pattern. Dead zones were observed inside the tank due to the rheological properties of the fluid. The size of the dynamic regions and the average velocity near the impeller were enhanced by increasing the suction area. Likewise, large pitch ratios were found to improve the active mixing zone and the axial discharge. Curves for the power and pumping numbers are reported for different axial flow impellers. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 1156–1167, 2014     

Distribution of large biomass particles in a sand‐biomass fluidized bed: Experiments and modeling

The axial distribution of large biomass particles in bubbling fluidized beds comprised of sand and biomass is investigated in this study. The global and local pressure drop profiles are analyzed in mixtures fluidized at superficial gas velocities ranging from 0.2 to 1 m/s. In addition, the radioactive particle tracking technique is used to track the trajectory of a tracer mimicking the behavior of biomass particles in systems consisting of 2, 8, and 16% of biomass mass ratio. The effects of superficial gas velocity and the mixture composition on the mixing/segregation of the bed components are explored by analyzing the circulatory motion of the active tracer. Contrary to low fluidization velocity (U = 0.36 m/s), biomass circulation and distribution are enhanced at U = 0.64 m/s with increasing the load of biomass particles. The axial profile of volume fraction of biomass along the bed is modeled on the basis of the experimental findings. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 869–880, 2014     

Mixing potential: A new concept for optimal design of hydrogen and water networks with higher disturbance resistance

During the last decade, the design methods of hydrogen and water networks have been improved greatly. Since the resulting network structure featuring minimum utility consumption is not unique, other properties such as disturbance resistance have drawn more and more attention. In this article, a novel concept, Mixing Potential, is proposed to improve the disturbance resistance ability of the networks in the design stage. This concept originates from measuring the concentration fluctuation of a single sink, and could be calculated by its graphical and algorithmic definition, respectively. In addition, a sufficient condition for minimizing the Mixing Potential of a single sink has been proved. Based on this sufficient condition, a graphical and its corresponding algorithmic method are proposed to design the hydrogen and water networks with minimum utility consumption. Literature examples illustrate that the disturbance resistance ability of the network can be improved by adjusting the satisfying order of sinks. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 3762–3772, 2014     

振动搅拌对混凝土性能的影响

试验研究了振动搅拌对混凝土强度、含气量和工作性能的影响,结果表明:振动搅拌可以显著提高混凝土强度,但是随着养护时间增长,普通搅拌与振动搅拌混凝土试样强度差异减小;振动搅拌可以显著提高混凝土的含气量;振动搅拌对混凝土粘聚性和保水性影响不大,但是会降低混凝土的流动性。     

CAS-OB喷粉精炼熔池内均混时间的水模研究

采用水模实验研究了CAS-OB喷粉精炼工艺均混时间的变化情况．通过对各种条件下均混时间的测定,得到喷吹位置、浸渍罩的插入深度、顶渣对均混时间的影响．结论为：在一定的插入深度下偏心喷吹搅拌效果最好;浸滞罩插入深度的增加,均混时间增加;渣的厚度和粘度越小,均混时间越短．     

无粘性土石混合料K-G模型参数研究

结合西部交通建设科技项目和某高速公路工程建设,对广泛分布于西南地区的中生界红色碎屑岩形成的无粘性土石混合料,按平均应力P等于常数的特殊应力路径进行了大型三轴试验,并按修正的Naylor K-G模型的方法求解了这类土石混合料的K-G模型参数。     

On the dynamic self-diffraction in methylene blue-sensitised gelatine

Dynamic self-diffraction processes have been observed and analysed for methylene blue-sensitised water-swollen gelatine (MBSG). A degenerate two-wave mixing experiment performed on thick samples of MBSG with 10 mW, 632.8 nm wavelength He Ne laser light allowed for the formation of phase- and amplitude-transient holographic gratings. Single-beam propagation characteristics through MBSG were measured with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The observed energy transfer between the writing beams in the two-beam coupling experiment and the considerable temporal oscillations of diffraction efficiency are explained by simple formulae. Two processes are considered: the time-dependent phase shift between the writing beams and the transverse self-phase modulation effects (self-focusing and interference ring formation).