Children, adolescents, and the Internet: A new field of inquiry in developmental psychology.

With this special section on children, adolescents, and the Internet, we survey the state of a new field of inquiry in developmental psychology. This field is important because developmentalists need to understand how children and adolescents live in a new, massive, and complex virtual universe, even as they carry on their lives in the real world. We have selected six empirical articles to showcase various aspects of child and adolescent development in this virtual universe. These articles reflect three major themes of this new field: communication on the Internet; cognitive development, academic achievement, and the Internet; and adolescents in a globalized Internet world. These three sections reflect one of our major editorial goals: to sample various relevant aspects of development as they relate to the Internet. The selection of articles reflects a second editorial goal: to sample both the positive and negative aspects of the virtual world in which children and adolescents are increasingly living. Another of our editorial goals was to sample as large an age range as possible. We also utilized a very broad definition of development. Last but not least, we sought out and found methodological diversity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Joseph B. Margolin (1921-2006).

Presents an obituary for Joseph B. Margolin. In the 1940s, Margolin was in the U.S. Army Signal Corps. During that period, he was stationed at an Army hospital in California, and it was there that he developed an interest in clinical psychology. After being discharged, he returned to New York, where he received his doctorate in clinical and social psychology from New York University in 1954. He was always interested in combining his clinical activities with professional and political involvement, and held several positions including president of the District of Columbia Psychological Association, chair of the Maryland Board of Examiners for Psychologists, and staff member of the 1960 White House Conference on Children and Youth. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

当今大学毕业生择业心态归因分析

当今大学毕业生的择业心态各异,归纳起来有四种表现:就业危机心理、强求公平完美的心理、求稳依赖的心理、失落自卑的心理。文章分析了形成这些择业心态的原因。     

The discovery of southern childhoods: Psychology and the transformation of schooling in the Jim Crow south.

Although the psychology of race in America has been the subject of significant research, psychological science in the principal region of racial interaction before Brown v. Board of Education-the South-has received little attention. This article argues that the introduction of psychological ideas about children by means of school reform in the South during the half-century before the Brown decision established a cultural foundation for both Black resistance to segregated schools and White determination to preserve them. In 1900, southern children and their schools were an afterthought in a culture more committed to tradition and racial stability than innovation and individual achievement. The advent of northern philanthropy, however, brought with it a new psychology of childhood. Although the reformers did not intend to subvert segregation, their premises downplayed natural endowment, including racial inheritance, and favored concepts highlighting nurture: that personality is developmental, childhood foundational, and adversity detrimental. Decades of discussion of children in their learning environment gave southern Blacks a rationale for protest and Whites a logical defense for conservative reaction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Finding "Meaning" in Psychology: A Lay Theories Approach to Self-Regulation, Social Perception, and Social Development.

Much of psychology focuses on universal principles of thought and action. Although an extremely productive pursuit, this approach, by describing only the "average person," risks describing no one in particular. This article discusses an alternate approach that complements interests in universal principles with analyses of the unique psychological meaning that individuals find in their experiences and interactions. Rooted in research on social cognition, this approach examines how people's lay theories about the stability or malleability of human attributes alter the meaning they give to basic psychological processes such as self-regulation and social perception. Following a review of research on this lay theories perspective in the field of social psychology, the implications of analyzing psychological meaning for other fields such as developmental, cultural, and personality psychology are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Wilma E. Hirst (1914-2005).

This is an obituary for Wilma Elizabeth Hirst. Hirst was a pioneer in the history of school psychology who came from a background in teaching and educational psychology, worked her way through graduate school, balanced home life and career, and forged a distinguished career in teaching, psychological service, and school administration. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A perspective on the nation's antitrust policies: Implications for psychologists.

In response to significant change in the health care market, federal antitrust agencies recently examined their past policies and future directions for antitrust law enforcement in the health care industry. This article reviews how the federal antitrust laws have been used to both aid and restrict the practice of psychology, psychologists' dealings with managed care, and the limits of antitrust law enforcement efforts. Finally, we argue that narrowly crafted antitrust reform would provide practicing psychologists and other health professionals with some degree of countervailing bargaining power in their negotiations with managed care. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Gold Medal Award for Life Achievement in the Practice of Psychology: Theodora M. Abel.

The American Psychological Foundation (APF) Gold Medal Awards recognize distinguished and enduring records of accomplishment in 4 areas of psychology. The 1997 recipient of the Gold Medal Award for Life Achievement in the Practice of Psychology is Theodora M. Abel. By deed more than by word and in her characteristically understated style, Theodora M. Abel taught psychologists that they have a responsibility to champion the struggle against cultural stereotypes, sexism, racism, and ethnocentrism. In her research, teaching, and clinical work, she showed the rich knowledge, wisdom, and joy that come from understanding one's own culture and from opening one's perspectives to the depth and the expanse of human diversity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

现代爆破工程的特征和构成要素

综述了现代爆破工程的特征和构成要素，分析了该项工程由技术向科学的转变，并对现代爆破工程的发展趋势进行了展望．