高效雷尼镍催化1,4-丁炔二醇加氢制备1,4-丁二醇

通过控制加热电流强度的方法,制备了不同Ni2Al3质量分数的镍铝合金。选取高Ni2Al3质量分数的合金进行预刻蚀和二次刻蚀处理,得到两种颗粒状雷尼镍催化剂,并用于1,4-丁炔二醇（BYD）加氢制1,4-丁二醇（BDO）。结果表明,二次刻蚀法得到的雷尼镍催化BYD加氢,在140℃、5MPa压力下反应1 h,转化率可达100%,BDO收率92%;而预刻蚀雷尼镍达到相同BDO收率所需时间为3 h。采用ICP、BET、XRD、XPS、SEM等方法对催化剂进行了表征,结果表明：二次刻蚀相较预刻蚀得到的催化剂比表面积更大,达到12.83 m2/g;并且表面微观结构更粗糙,富含缺陷活性位,Ni元素质量分数达到了61.45%。此外,金属Ni的分散性提高,表面金属Al完全消失,而Al和Ni的氧化物增多,这使得催化剂表面的骨架结构更加稳定,显著提高了催化剂的催化活性。     

Functional Properties of Gelatin/Polyvinyl Alcohol Films Containing Black Cumin Cake Extract and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Produced via Casting Technique

This study aimed to develop and characterize gelatin/polyvinyl alcohol (G/PVA) films loaded with black cumin cake extract (BCCE) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs). The BCCE was also applied for the green synthesis of ZnONPs with an average size of less than 100 nm. The active films were produced by a solvent-casting technique, and their physicochemical and antibacterial properties were investigated. Supplementation of G/PVA film in ZnONPs decreased the tensile strength (TS) from 2.97 MPa to 1.69 MPa. The addition of BCCE and ZnONPs increased the elongation at the break (EAB) of the enriched film by about 3%. The G/PVA/BCCE/ZnONPs film revealed the lowest water vapor permeability (WVP = 1.14 × 10⁻⁹ g·mm·Pa⁻¹·h⁻¹·mm⁻²) and the highest opacity (3.41 mm⁻¹). The QUick, Easy, New, CHEap and Reproducible (QUENCHER) methodologies using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) were applied to measure antioxidant capacity (AC) of the prepared films. The incorporation of BCCE and ZnONPs into G/PVA films enhanced the AC by 8–144%. The films containing ZnONPs and a mixture of BCCE and ZnONPs inhibited the growth of three Gram-positive bacterial strains. These nanocomposite films with desired functional properties can be recommended to inhibit microbial spoilage and oxidative rancidity of packaged food.     

Understanding the role of tungsten on Pt/CeO2 for vinyl chloride catalytic combustion

Spherical CeO₂ synthesized by the hydrothermal process was used as support to prepare Pt/WO₃/CeO₂,and the effects of tungsten(W) contents on activity,stability and polychlorinated by-products were investigated to understand the role of W for vinyl chloride(VC) catalytic oxidation.The introduction of12 wt% W to Pt/CeO₂(P12 WC) exhibits the highest catalytic activity with 90% conversion of VC at 250℃,meanwhile the stability improves and the polychlorinat...     

氯乙烯合成用无汞触媒的研究与应用

利用活性炭的强吸附能力和锡的催化性能,在活性炭上负载氯化亚锡,制备了负载型氯乙烯合成触媒.研究了不同温度、反应时间和乙炔流量下,触媒的使用寿命和乙炔的转化率.分析了氯化亚锡作为活性组分的优缺点.     

隐伏古护城河的勘察方法研究

本文以湖南里耶秦代古城护城河勘察为例系统介绍了综合运用高密度电法及改进的轻型动力触探确定隐伏古护城河的位置、深度及形状的方法。该方法在尽可能不损伤文物的条件下,实现了古护城河的准确勘察,在古遗址勘察方面与传统方法相比具有明显优势。文中提出的改进的轻型动力触探设备及工艺可在护城河河底取土,根据充填物与护城河底土层力学性质的差异及地层的变化准确确定护城河的深度。     

改性粉煤灰对燃煤电厂脱硫废水中氯离子的吸附性能

为了将"以废治废"的理念融入实际工业应用中,开展对燃煤电厂固体废弃物粉煤灰改性后在不同条件下进行脱硫废水的吸附实验研究.结果表明,改性粉煤灰的最佳投加量为25 g/L,此时对废水中Cl-的去除率最大,为56％;在45°C和pH为5的条件下,粉煤灰对Cl-的吸附量最大,在反应约280 min时达到吸附平衡.该吸附过程为吸...     

考虑氯离子侵蚀与混凝土碳化的公路桥梁时变可靠度分析

基于国内外对氯离子侵蚀和混凝土碳化环境下钢筋锈蚀速率的最新研究成果,建立了混凝土构件在氯离子侵蚀下考虑坑蚀和在混凝土碳化下考虑平均锈蚀的弯曲抗力退化模型,用Monte Carlo方法和统计回归法编制了退化钢筋混凝土构件及系统的时变可靠度计算程序。以北京地区一座公路桥为算例,结果表明:在氯离子侵蚀下考虑坑蚀的桥梁承载能力时变可靠度在30年左右即下降到设计目标可靠度,在混凝土碳化下考虑平均锈蚀的桥梁承载能力时变可靠度在50年左右即下降到设计目标可靠度,从而需要补强,这表明考虑主筋锈蚀后我国钢筋混凝土公路桥一般达不到100年设计使用期;对因主筋锈蚀导致混凝土保护层胀裂而言,构件达到抗裂正常使用极限状态远远早于达到承载能力极限状态,建议将混凝土保护层开裂时间作为桥梁检查/维修参考点。     

化纤综合废水处理絮凝剂的筛选与应用

分别采用聚合氯化铝和聚合硫酸铝铁对化纤综合废水进行了絮凝反应对比实验,并对优选的聚合氯化铝的应用条件进行了研究。其最佳絮凝反应条件为:控制酸析反应的pH在2.20左右,絮凝反应前调节原水pH至5,絮凝剂最佳投加量为3‰,助凝剂选用阳离子型PAM,最佳投加量为3 ppm。絮凝反应使废水色度和COD分别下降67%和38%。     

微波幅射四氯化锡催化合成柠檬酸三辛酯的研究

采用微波幅射技术,以四氯化锡为催化剂催化合成柠檬酸三辛酯。最佳反应条件为:酸醇比为1:5.5,催化剂用量为1.0g,微波幅射时间2.5min,产率可达到92.4%。实验结果表明:适当的微波辐射可以加速柠檬酸三辛酯的合成反应,而且产率高,操作简便,腐蚀性小。     

The L467F-F508del Complex Allele Hampers Pharmacological Rescue of Mutant CFTR by Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor in Cystic Fibrosis Patients: The Value of the Ex Vivo Nasal Epithelial Model to Address Non-Responders to CFTR-Modulating Drugs

Loss-of-function mutations of the CFTR gene cause cystic fibrosis (CF) through a variety of molecular mechanisms involving altered expression, trafficking, and/or activity of the CFTR chloride channel. The most frequent mutation among CF patients, F508del, causes multiple defects that can be, however, overcome by a combination of three pharmacological agents that improve CFTR channel trafficking and gating, namely, elexacaftor, tezacaftor, and ivacaftor. This study was prompted by the evidence of two CF patients, compound heterozygous for F508del and a minimal function variant, who failed to obtain any beneficial effects following treatment with the triple drug combination. Functional studies on nasal epithelia generated in vitro from these patients confirmed the lack of response to pharmacological treatment. Molecular characterization highlighted the presence of an additional amino acid substitution, L467F, in cis with the F508del variant, demonstrating that both patients were carriers of a complex allele. Functional and biochemical assays in heterologous expression systems demonstrated that the double mutant L467F-F508del has a severely reduced activity, with negligible rescue by CFTR modulators. While further studies are needed to investigate the actual prevalence of the L467F-F508del allele, our results suggest that this complex allele should be taken into consideration as plausible cause in CF patients not responding to CFTR modulators.