氮气氛下直拉硅中氮含量的红外光谱测定

提出了利用直拉硅中与氮有关的特征红外吸收峰９６３、９９６、１０８１－１及１０２７ｃｍ－１确定直拉硅中氮含量的计算公式，并进行了多种样品实测。该法克服了只用９６３ｃｍ－１峰测定直拉硅中氮使结果偏低的弊病，方法相对偏差为５％～２０％     

Effects of surfactant and particle size on the microstructure and strength of Si3N4 foams with high porosity

The highly porous Si₃N₄ ceramic foams were prepared by direct foaming with mixed surfactants. The surface tension and viscosity of slurries were tailored by different carbon chain length of surfactants and different mean Si₃N₄ particle size to achieve the pore size controlling. The nearly linear relationship between the pore size and the ratio of surface tension to viscosity was observed, which indicates that the pore size could be precisely tailored by the slurry properties. Si₃N₄ ceramic foams with porosity of nearly 94%, mean pore size of 110–230 µm, and compressive strength of 1.24–3.51 MPa were obtained.     

氟硅酸钾滴定法测定粗制氟化钠中二氧化硅

采用硝酸-氢氟酸混合酸为消解溶剂,通过微波消解技术对粗制氟化钠进行快速消解,并用氟硅酸钾滴定法测定其二氧化硅含量。选择饱和氯化钾溶液替代固体氯化钾作为沉淀剂,考察了消解酸体系、饱和氯化钾溶液用量、沉淀温度、沉淀放置时间、共存元素干扰及指示剂选择等条件对测定结果的影响并进行优化。确定了最优测试条件：以8 mL硝酸+2 mL氢氟酸为消解溶剂,以8 mL饱和氯化钾溶液为沉淀剂,控制沉淀温度为20~25 ℃、沉淀放置时间为15 min,选择50 g/L氯化钾-50%乙醇溶液洗涤沉淀,采用溴麝香草酚蓝-酚红指示剂。该方法应用于回收粗制氟化钠中二氧化硅含量的测定可大幅度缩短分解试样的时间,有效降低检测成本,回收率为99.15%~100.63%,相对标准偏差（RSD,n=8）小于1%,与传统高温碱熔法测定结果相符,方法的准确度和精密度较好。     

Influence of pre-oxidation on the hot corrosion of Ti3SiC2 in the mixture of Na2SO4-NaCl melts

Polycrystalline Ti₃SiC₂ suffered from serious hot corrosion attack in the mixture of 75wt.%Na₂SO₄ + 25wt.%NaCl melts at 850 °C. In order to improve the hot corrosion resistance of this material, pre-oxidation treatment was conducted at 1200 °C in air for 2 h. A duplex oxide scale with an outer layer of TiO₂ and an inner layer of a mixture of TiO₂ and SiO₂ was formed during the pre-oxidation. Because the outer oxide layer of the pre-oxidation treated specimens could inhibit hot corrosion process, they exhibited good hot corrosion resistance in the mixture of 75wt.%Na₂SO₄ + 25wt.%NaCl melts at 850 °C for 50 h. However, during the hot corrosion the outer layer of TiO₂ would degrade gradually. Once the outer layer damaged, the hot corrosion rate increased sharply, the corrosion behavior was similar to Ti₃SiC₂ corroded under the same conditions. The microstructure and phase compositions of the hot corrosion samples were investigated by SEM/EDS and XRD.     

常规两段浸出法提高锌焙烧矿中铜回收率的研究

分析了不同湿法炼锌工艺锌焙烧矿中回收铜的工艺,发现各工艺都存在不同的工艺缺点。借鉴国内锌冶炼企业开展的常规两段浸出法提高铜回收率的生产经验,进行了锌焙烧矿中铜、铁、硅的浸出机理研究,并且根据该机理提出了常规两段浸出法的改进工艺流程,按照该工艺流程开展了试验研究,将铜的回收率提高到了76.41%。     

The laws of silicon ingot formation by combustion reaction

The formation of a phase pure silicon ingot from SiO₂+Al+KClO₃ and Na₂SiO₃+Al+KClO₃ systems was investigated thermodynamically and experimentally under combustion mode, known also as self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). The regularities of combustion and phase formation versus KClO₃ concentration by a thermocouple technique were obtained. The morphology, chemical and phase composition of the silicon ingot were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ICP-analysis. The method reported here proved effective in producing silicon ingots with a purity of 98%.     

Formation of a chromium-carbide conversion coating on silicon carbide

The formation of a chromium-carbide conversion coating on SiC was achieved using the pack-cementation technique. The conversion coating is intended to improve the corrosion resistance of SiC and its derivatives, such as SiC-base continuous fibers and composites, by forming a protective Cr₂O₃ scale upon exposure to high-temperature corrosive environments. Different pack chemistry and processing parameters were evaluated in the laboratory. Results indicated that the coating morphologies and compositions achieved were significantly affected by variation of these processing factors. In this paper, the conversion coating obtained from one of the systems investigated is reported. The coating consists of a multilayered structure with each of the sublayers containing a high-Cr concentration. In addition, the coating surface is relatively dense and pore free compared to the underlying SiC substrate material. A dense and pore-free morphology is highly desirable for coating applications, especially on porous substrates. The multilayered coating structure consists of the following sublayers: Cr₂₃C₆/Cr₇C₃/Cr₇C₃+Cr₃Si/Cr₅Si₃C_x/SiC substrate.     

高炉铁水含硅量的混沌局部线性预测

对莱钢1号高炉(750 m3)、临钢6号高炉(380 m3)铁水含硅量([Si])进行了混沌局部线性预测.结果表明,两 座高炉[Si]的一步预测的命中率在[Si]±0.1％的范围内均达到80.0％以上,对莱钢1号高炉(b)类样本甚至达89.1％,且预 测精度在10-2数量级,对实际生产具有很好的指导作用.     

Effect of oxygen precipitates in solar grade silicon on minority carrier lifetime and efficiency of solar cells

The effect of oxygen precipitates on minority carrier lifetime and performance of solar cell was studied by means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), quasi-steady state photoconductance (QSSPCD), optical microscope, spectrumresponse and solar cell efficiency test. The minority carrier lifetime and performance of solar cell reduced depend on oxygen precipitates. A few of oxygen precipitates have formed after single-step annealing; and they do not impact the efficiency dramatically. Pre-annealing at 650 ℃ for 4 h enhances the oxygen precipitation when it is subjected to middle temperature annealing. The solar cells performance decayed sharply. Especially annealing at 950 ℃ for 3 h, the V os and I sc of cells decrease 12% and 25% respectively. Few oxygen precipitates have formed in silicon after high temperature annealing at about 1050 ℃ whether pre-annealing is used or not, and the performance of cells is notbe affected.     

硅对定向凝固Ni3Al基合金IC6A微观组织和性能的影响

利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、电子探针(EPMA)、能谱(EDS)和X射线衍射(XRD)技术研究了硅对定向凝固Ni3Al基合金IC6A微观组织的影响。结果表明在IC6A合金中添加0．10％～0．20％Si(质量分数,下同)会使合金的枝晶间区析出块状的Mo1.24Ni0.76相和Mo6(Ni0.75Si0.25)7相,当硅的添加量达到0．30％时,合金的枝晶间区除了析出这两种相外,还有针状的δ-NiMo相析出。这相的析出不利于合金的高温持久性能,它们的硬度较大,只能通过孪晶的方式变形。硅有利于提高IC6A合金的高温抗氧化性能,而对合金的抗腐蚀性能和瞬时拉伸性能无明显影响。