图像序列中的自动点目标空时快速检测*

提出了一种新的序列图像中点状运动目标空时快速检测方法,该方法假设经过背景杂波抑制预处理后图像已转换为类SPGWN(信号加高斯白噪声)模型.自动目标检测时图像序列被划分为多组检测单元,每单元包含两帧相邻的图像.根据目标速度限制条件,采用在单元内以及两相邻单元间沿轨迹集成像素灰度的检测算法.在付出同等运算量的代价下,克服了二维投影检测性能较差的弱点,同时也具备可检测多速率目标的优点.理论分析和仿真试验表明了该检测方法的有效性.     

QPSO算法在非线性观测器设计中的应用*

具有量子行为的粒子群优化(Quantum-behaved Particle Swarm Optimization,QPSO)算法是继粒子群优化算法(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)后,最新提出的一种新型、高效的进化算法.提出了运用QPSO算法设计的非线性观测器方法.该方法属于滚动时域估计方法,利用具有量子行为的粒子群算法优化获得系统状态的最优估计.仿真结果显示该方法对初始条件不敏感,具有很强的跟踪能力.     

Continuous size fractionation of magnetic nanoparticles by using simulated moving bed chromatography

The size fractionation of magnetic nanoparticles is a technical problem, which until today can only be solved with great effort. Nevertheless, there is an important demand for nanoparticles with sharp size distributions, for example for medical technology or sensor technology. Using magnetic chromatography, we show a promising method for fractionation of magnetic nanoparticles with respect to their size and/or magnetic properties. This was achieved by passing magnetic nanoparticles through a packed bed of fine steel spheres with which they interact magnetically because single domain ferro-/ferrimagnetic nanoparticles show a spontaneous magnetization. Since the strength of this interaction is related to particle size, the principle is suitable for size fractionation. This concept was transferred into a continuous process in this work using a so-called simulated moving bed chromatography. Applying a suspension of magnetic nanoparticles within a size range from 20 to 120 nm, the process showed a separation sharpness of up to 0.52 with recovery rates of 100%. The continuous feed stream of magnetic nanoparticles could be fractionated with a space-time-yield of up to 5 mg/(L∙min). Due to the easy scalability of continuous chromatography, the process is a promising approach for the efficient fractionation of industrially relevant amounts of magnetic nanoparticles.     

基于滤波器前置的三相软件锁相环设计

针对传统锁相环在电压不平衡及畸变时锁相误差大、动态响应速度慢的问题,根据软件锁相环(SPLL)的原理提出一种滑动滤波器(MAF)前置锁相环,并通过一种快速不平衡分量抑制及相位延迟补偿的方法来改善MAF性能,有效提高了锁相环的动态响应速度和锁相精度.通过MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台及TMS320F28335数字信号处理器芯片对所提出的锁相环控制策略在三相电压不平衡及电压畸变的条件下进行验证,结果表明该SPLL锁相误差小,动态响应速度快,稳定性高.     

移动式阴极的扫描参数对脉冲电化学光整加工的影响分析

移动式阴极在脉冲电化学光整加工中的应用，有效地改善了流场、电场及温度场的分布，在简化阴极设计的同时，提高了光整效果。通过理论并结合实验分析表明：扫描参数的合理匹配是提高脉冲电化学光整加工效果的关键工艺因素之一。实验中，在参数适当匹配并结合其他参数的条件下，对试件表面经少许几次扫描后，将试件的原始表面粗糙度Ra由1．7μm降至0．2μm以下。     

An extension of Wagner's analysis of competing scale formation

Wagner's criterion to predict the minimum concentration of solute (N _B(min) ⁰ )necessary for the exclusive formation of its scale has been modified to incorporate both thermodynamic and kinetics requirements. The analysis presented here involves a receding alloy/scale interface for which the composition of the alloy at this interface is governed by thermodynamic equilibrium between the two competing scale phases and the base alloy. This is a more rigorous analysis than that of Wagner's, who assumed the alloy/scale interface to be immobile and the solute composition at the interface to be zero. A comparison is made between values of N _B(min) ⁰ found experimentally and those predicted by Wagner's and the present criterion for a number of alloy-gas systems. It is shown that the criterion developed in the present analysis can often provide a better approximation of the actual N _B(min) ⁰ .The expressions derived from the present analysis have been extended also in a semiquantitative manner to provide a criterion for the minimum amount of solute in the alloy required for the transition from internal to external scale formation.     

加压热煤气脱硫工艺研究

介绍了加压热煤气脱硫“北京煤化－ＳＭＯＶＥＮ”工艺以及工艺研究试验的主要结果。热煤气脱硫小型连续试验装置投入稳定运行，取得了较好的结果，试验验证了ＳＭＯＶＥＮ工艺的技术合理性和操作可行性，为其工艺放大研究打下良好基础。     

Optimization of reactive SMB and Varicol systems

A comprehensive optimization study on a simulated moving bed reactor (SMBR) system is reported in this article for the direct synthesis of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) from tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA) and methanol. The applicability of the Varicol process, which is based on non-synchronous shift of the inlet and outlet ports, is explored for the first time for a reactive system. Multi-objective (two and three objective functions) optimization has been performed for both existing as well as design stage for SMBR and Varicol systems and their efficiencies are compared. The optimization problem involves relatively large number of decision variables; both continuous variables, such as flow rates in various sections and length of the columns and discrete variables, such as number of columns and column configuration. Pareto optimal solutions are obtained. It is observed that a five-column Varicol performs better than an equivalent five-column SMBR and its performance is nearly equal to that of a six-column SMBR in terms of purity and yield of MTBE and minimal eluent consumption. This is an important inference as it enables the reduction of fixed and operating costs while at the same time helps to achieve high purity and yield of the desired product and conversion of the limiting reactant. A state-of-the-art optimization technique, viz., non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA), which allows handling of these complex optimization problems, is employed for this study. This is the first time that, not only the separating potential of Varicol has been extended to reaction systems, but also was optimized for multiple objectives.     

强震区土石坝筑坝材料动力特性试验研究(投稿研究生论坛)

土石坝筑坝材料的动力特性是进行坝工设计和动力评价的基础。以西部强震区某土石坝工程为研究对象,采用室内动三轴试验,对其坝壳料、心墙料和坝基断层料进行动力特性试验研究,并以Hardin-Drnevich模型为基础,确定筑坝材料的动弹模、阻尼比等特性参数,试验表明：在动应变在10-6 ～ 10-5 范围内,动模量与围压、固结比成正相关;随动模量的增大,相关性降低;动应变和振级的拟合指数模型则表明不同围压、固结比的心墙料的应变-振级曲线趋势一致,坝壳料较为离散;试验中固结围压对粗骨料阻尼比-应变曲线的影响较固结比大,可为强震区土石坝的动力稳定评价提供可靠的理论依据。     

ASYMPTOTIC PROPERTIES OF SOME PRELIMINARY ESTIMATORS FOR AUTOREGRESSIVE MOVING AVERAGE TIME SERIES MODELS

Abstract. Some simple preliminary estimators for the coefficients of mixed autoregressive moving average time series models are considered. As the first step the estimators require the fitting of a long autoregression to the data. The first two methods of the paper are non-iterative and generally inefficient. The estimators are Yule-Walker type modifications of the least squares estimators of the coefficients in auxiliary linear regression models derived, respectively, for the coefficients of the long autoregression and for the coefficients of the corresponding long moving average approximation of the model. Both of these estimators are shown to be strongly consistent and their asymptotic distributions are derived. The asymptotic distributions are used in studying the loss in efficiency and in constructing the third estimator of the paper which is an asymptotically efficient two-step estimator. A numerical illustration of the third estimator with real data is given.