一种解决乳品厂喷雾干燥物料粘壁问题的方案

本文介绍了乳品厂喷雾干燥物料粘壁的机理、危害以及解决粘壁问题的现状,提出了多段气幕封壁法解决粘壁问题的方案、工作原理、结构及理论计算方法,有助于解决乳品厂生产运行中多年困惑问题。     

Characterization and Technological Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Production of “Sorghurt,” a Cereal-Based Product

A total of 57 predominant LAB strains isolated from cassava and maize grains fermentation processes for fufu and ogi were identified using phenotypic and genomic fingerprinting methods such as rep-PCR and ARDRA. They were divided into facultatively heterofermentative rods (26.3%), obligately heterofermentative rods (31.6%), and tetrad forming homofermentative cocci (42.1%). Selected strains were further identified by sequencing the 16S rDNA gene. Technological studies such as acidification, hydrogen peroxide production, starch hydrolysis, enzymatic activities, degradation of oligosaccharides, and in vitro adherence properties were carried out. Lactobacillus plantarum strains demonstrated better and rapid acid production capability, followed by the Pediococcus strains, while L. fermentum strains exhibited slower acid production. Hydrogen peroxide production was observed among the LAB groups. The test strains utilized the indigestible sugars raffinose and stachyose. Only L. pentosus demonstrated high amylase activity comparable to that of L. amylovorus DSM 20531. Lactobacillus plantarum and L. fermentum strains showed high β-glucosidase activity. Six strains were selected as starter cultures. The strains were tolerant to acidic pH levels and bile salt. The yoghurt-like “sorghurt” produced using the selected starter cultures had a final pH of less than pH 4.0, and a viable count of less than 5.5 Log₁₀cfu/mL at the end of a 24 h fermentation period. The samples were generally acceptable to the taste panelists. The starter organisms demonstrated varying degree of adherence to HT29 MTX cell line. Therefore, employing functionally defined LAB strains may be one practical approach for incorporating health-promoting features into appropriate food products suitable for targeted population.     

Spouses' use of pressure and persuasion to promote osteoarthritis patients' medical adherence after orthopedic surgery.

Objective: The authors investigated health-related effects of social control (influence) that spouses exert in relation to osteoarthritis patients' medical adherence after total knee replacement surgery. Patients' behavioral and emotional responses to control were examined as mediators of associations between spouses' use of two control strategies (pressure, persuasion) and patients' physical and psychological recovery. Design: The authors used a three-wave panel design with assessments at one month before surgery, 1 month and 3 months after surgery. Data were collected during in-person interviews with 70 married, older adult patients. Main Outcome Measures: Recovery outcomes were assessed as improvement in knee limitations and depressive symptoms at the 3 month follow-up. Results: Spousal pressure and persuasion at one month postsurgery were indirectly associated with patients' recovery outcomes through patients' positive emotional responses to control. Conclusion: Although there are often immediate behavioral benefits in response to partners' use of both pressure and persuasion, the long-term health effects of these strategies seem to be accounted for by their opposing links to positive emotions. Findings further refine theory on health-related social control in marriage. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Standard care quality determines treatment outcomes in control groups of HAART-adherence intervention studies: Implications for the interpretation and comparison of intervention effects.

Objective: Clinical trials of behavioral interventions seek to enhance evidence-based health care. However, in case the quality of standard care provided to control conditions varies between studies and affects outcomes, intervention effects cannot be directly interpreted or compared. The objective of the present study was to examine whether standard care quality (SCQ) could be reliably assessed, varies between studies of highly active antiretroviral HIV-adherence interventions, and is related to the proportion of patients achieving an undetectable viral load (“success rate”). Design: Databases were searched for relevant articles. Authors of selected studies retrospectively completed a checklist with standard care activities, which were coded to compute SCQ scores. The relationship between SCQ and the success rates was examined using meta-regression. Main Outcome Measures: Cronbach’s alpha, variability in SCQ, and relation between SCQ and success rate. Results: Reliability of the SCQ instrument was high (Cronbach’s alpha = .91). SCQ scores ranged from 3.7 to 27.8 (total range = 0–30) and were highly predictive of success rate (p = .002). Conclusions: Variation in SCQ provided to control groups may substantially influence effect sizes of behavior change interventions. Future trials should therefore assess and report SCQ, and meta-analyses should control for variability in SCQ, thereby producing more accurate estimates of the effectiveness of behavior change interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Preliminary relationships between adherence and outcome in dynamic deconstructive psychotherapy.

This study examined adherence to specific psychotherapeutic techniques as a predictor of outcome in dynamic deconstructive psychotherapy (DDP), a new psychodynamic therapy for treatment-resistant clients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Ten clients dually diagnosed with BPD and alcohol use disorders underwent 12 months of DDP. Outcome indexes included measures of borderline symptoms, depression, dissociation, social support, alcohol misuse, parasuicide, and institutional care. Independent raters coded videorecorded sessions on adherence to DDP techniques, using a scale developed for this study, as well as therapeutic alliance and standard cognitive–behavioral and psychodynamic techniques. The adherence instrument demonstrated excellent interrater and test–retest reliability. Adherence to DDP techniques was positively related to improvement in BPD symptoms (ρ = .64) and most secondary outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

轿车轮毂轴承耐久性试验载荷谱的研究

为了制定轿车轮毂轴承耐久性试验的载荷谱,在建立轿车动力学模型的基础上,分析了轿车轮毂轴承受载的情况。根据实际轿车的一般行驶状态,制定出了轿车行驶的循环周期,基于我国路况特点,确定出了在每个循环周期内每种行驶状态所占的比例。针对一个周期内不同行驶状态轮胎所受的力不同,从而制定了轮毂轴承的试验载荷谱,分析结果表明,该方法对轮毂轴承加载方式的研究具有指导意义。     

几种Ni-Cr-Al墓低偏析高温合金的抗氧化性能研究

在１０００～１１００℃之间,对三种Ｃｒ、Ａｌ含量及微量元素Ｓ、Ｚｒ含量不同的Ｎｉ－Ｃｒ－Ａｌ基合金进行了恒温和循环氧化实验。结果表明,高Ｃｒ（１６Ｗｔ％）,低Ａｌ（３．５Ｗｔ％）、Ｓ（０．００５ｗｔ％）含量,且不含Ｚｒ的合金其氧化膜层主要由连续致密的Ｃｒ２Ｏ３外氧化层和树根状Ａｌ２Ｏ３内氧化层构成,氧化膜的粘附性较好。高Ａｌ（５ｗｔ％）,低Ｃｒ（９ｗｔ％）、Ｓ（０３００５ｗｔ％）含量,且不含Ｚｒ的合金其氧化膜主要由Ａｌ２Ｏ３,ＴｉＯ２,Ｃｒ２Ｏ３构成,氧化膜的粘附性较差,但在该合金中加入０．１Ｗｔ％Ｓ和０．１Ｗｔ％Ｚｒ,氧化膜的粘附性变好,而恒温氧化速率增加。文中对实验结果进行了综合分析。     

EFFECTS OF TRACE ELEMENTS ON THE OXIDATION OF LOW SEGREGATION Ni－Cr－Al BASED SUPERALLOYS

ＥＦＦＥＣＴＳＯＦＴＲＡＣＥＥＬＥＭＥＮＴＳＯＮＴＨＥＯＸＩＤＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＬＯＷＳＥＧＲＥＧＡＴＩＯＮＮｉ－Ｃｒ－ＡｌＢＡＳＥＤＳＵＰＥＲＡＬＬＯＹＳ￥Ｗ．Ｓ．Ｈｕ,Ｔ．Ｆ．ＬｉａｎｄＪ．Ｎ．Ｓｈｅｎ（ＳｔａｔｅＫｅｙＬａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙｏｆＣｏｒ...     

弥散Gd_2O_3质点改性的新型复合铝化物涂层的氧化行为SCIEI

研究了Gd_2O_3质点及其添加量对涂层在空气中1100℃氧化行为的影响及作用机制。结果表明,NiAl涂层中加入Gd_2O_3质点后,极大地降低了涂层的氧化速率,显著提高了氧化膜的粘附性,比简单NiAl涂层具有更好的抗高温氧化性能。复合镀层经渗Al后,一部分Gd_2O_3质点仍弥散分布于涂层中,另一部分细小的亚微观质点在涂层/基体界面处富集,形成氧化物聚集带,聚集带具有扩散障作用。连续的聚集带更有效地抑制退化,提高涂层使用寿命。     

新老混凝土粘结面断裂性能试验研究

进行了四组24项共计87个新老混凝土粘结试件的断裂试验,结合混凝土断裂力学的基本理论,讨论了新老混凝土粘结试件的断裂机理及影响断裂性能的主要因素,如老混凝土界面的粗糙度、界面剂类型、混凝土粗骨料最大粒径、粘结龄期等。试验结果表明,新老混凝土粘结断裂性能明显低于新混凝土整体试件的断裂性能。并提出了实际工程的新老混凝土补强加固建议。