SiC纳米颗粒对6060型铝合金微弧氧化膜组织结构及耐蚀性能的影响

为提高铝合金表面微弧氧化膜的耐蚀性,通过向电解液中添加SiC纳米颗粒的方式,成功获得了含有SiC纳米颗粒的复合微弧氧化膜层。采用D-MAXIIA型X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)和金相定量分析光学显微镜分别对陶瓷膜的相组成、微观组织结构及膜层厚度进行了检测分析;采用AutoLAB-PGSTAT302型电化学工作站对制备的微弧氧化膜进行极化曲线和交流阻抗谱的测定。结果表明:SiC颗粒在复合微弧氧化膜层中的含量随着氧化时间的增加而逐渐增加;添加SiC纳米颗粒后微弧氧化膜的厚度没有明显变化;与未添加SiC纳米颗粒的微弧氧化膜层相比,其耐蚀性明显提高。     

纳米SiO2对SMA复合材料界面强度的改善

形状记忆合金纤维与基体之间较弱的界面粘结强度在很大程度上限制了其发展与应用.本文试图用纳米SiO2颗粒来改善形状记忆合金复合材料的界面力学性能,并讨论了不同种类以及不同含量的纳米SiO2颗粒对形状记忆合金复合材料界面强度的影响,并采用扫描电镜和透射电镜的方法分析了其作用机理.实验结果表明,纳米SiO2颗粒的加入能够有效提高形状记忆合金纤维增强复合材料的界面粘结强度.     

咔唑衍生物及8-羟基喹啉与ZnS纳米粒子复合及光学性能研究

采用微乳液的方法制备了平均粒径为85 nm的ZnS纳米粉体。主要测试了咔唑衍生物及8-羟基喹啉与ZnS纳米粒子复合后在四氢呋喃、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的单/双光子荧光特性。研究发现咔唑衍生物的双光子荧光强度较未加入纳米ZnS时只有提高不足20%,而8-羟基喹啉与纳米ZnS复合后得到了一种新的发光体系,其荧光强度可提高2~4倍,同时荧光发射峰出现了较大程度的红移,其红移达116 nm。     

纳米杂化聚酰亚胺薄膜制备方法的研究进展

概述了纳米杂化聚酰亚胺薄膜的主要特点,分别介绍了采用共混法、溶胶-凝胶法、原位聚合法和插层复合法等方法制备PI薄膜的方法及其性能,分析了各种改性技术存在的问题,并对纳米杂化PI薄膜的发展趋势进行了展望.     

储氢蛋壳式纳米金属镍粒子催化剂在苯加氢反应中的应用

储氢蛋壳式纳米金属镍粒子催化剂在苯加氢反应中的应用陈克正，张志琨，崔作林（纳米材料研究所）纳米材料（Ｎａｎｏ—ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｄｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ）是由纳米级（１０－’ｍ）的小晶粒组成的一种新型功能材料，是本世纪９０年代材料科学领域中的一个重大发现...     

适用于鱼肉中氯霉素检测的抗体包被金磁纳米微粒修饰安培免疫传感器研究

研制了基于氯霉素抗体包被Fe3O4/Au金磁纳米微粒(GMP)和三乙撑四胺铜(II)(CuL)共固定修饰平面热解石墨电极的安培免疫传感器(PRG|CuL / anti CAP-GMP),用于测定鱼肉中CAP含量.该免疫传感器是利用外加磁场,将anti CAP-GMP吸引到CuL修饰的PRG电极(PRG|CuL)表面制备而成.CuL对H2O2还原具有良好的电催化能力,当该传感器在含CAP样品液中温育后,CAP与电极表面的anti CAP的免疫结合物导致CuL对H2O2的催化还原电流(I)降低,电流下降值(△I)和CAP浓度成正比,可用于CAP定量测定.在25℃的pH=6.5磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)中温育30 min,该传感器对CAP的检测线性范围为0.6~110 ng/mL,检出下限为0.092 ng/mL(3σ法).应用于鱼肉中CAP检测并与传统的液相色谱法(HPLC)比较,结果一致,其添加回收率在97%~104%之间.该免疫传感器集分离、富集为一体,电极表面可更新,检测灵敏快速,对于水产品中痕量氯霉素分析提供了一种新颖的方法.     

PS模板法制备铜纳米颗粒

采用双槽电化学腐蚀法制备多孔硅(porous silicon, PS), 对其进行超声后处理.以PS为模板采用一步浸渍沉积法制备大小均匀、形状规则的铜纳米颗粒, 并研究沉积时间对纳米颗粒形状、尺寸的影响.结果表明:PS超声后处理并未造成其物理和化学结构的破坏, 大量的硅氢键(SiH_x)和蜂窝状多孔结构(直径150 nm左右)分别为纳米铜的形成和生长提供了还原剂和场所;沉积时间对铜纳米颗粒形貌具有重要影响, 当沉积时间为40s时得到形状和尺寸较为均匀的铜纳米颗粒.     

Enhancement of the photocatalytic reactivity of TiO2 nano-particles by a simple mechanical blending with hydrophobic mordenite (MOR) zeolite

The photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous acetaldehyde with O₂ on commercial TiO₂ nano-particles could be successfully enhanced by a simple mechanical blending with a high-silica mordenite (MOR) zeolite, the surface of which showed high hydrophobic properties. When the TiO₂ nano-particles of ca. 5–20 wt% were mixed with the MOR zeolite powders in an agate mortar for only 5 min, the blended TiO₂/MOR samples showed higher photocatalytic reactivity as compared to the pure TiO₂ nano-particles. Since the high-silica zeolite powders are highly transparent in UV light regions, the incident UV light is effectively irradiated onto the whole part of the TiO₂ nano-particles without any loss of light intensity. Furthermore, the siliceous MOR zeolite powders effectively adsorb the gaseous acetaldehyde molecules and supply them onto the surfaces of the blended TiO₂ nano-particles, resulting in an enhancement of the photocatalytic reactivity.     

固定化脂肪酶催化桐油制备生物柴油的研究

对磁性Fe3O4纳米粒固定化脂肪酶催化桐油制备生物柴油进行了研究,分步探讨了硼酸盐缓冲液用量、固定化酶用量、醇油摩尔比、反应温度、固定化酶清洗与否对转酯反应的影响,以及固定化酶的操作稳定性。结果表明：将正己烷与桐油体积比定为2∶?1,然后加入与桐油等摩尔的甲醇、桐油体积6%的硼酸盐缓冲液及7.5 mg/mL（以桐油体积计）固定化酶,反应5 h和12 h各加入与桐油等摩尔的甲醇（总的醇油摩尔比3∶?1）,并每次添加甲醇前用丙酮清洗固定化酶,45?℃、200 r/min 反应26 h后,甲酯转化率可达91.2%。该固定化脂肪酶连续催化10批次反应后,甲酯转化率仍然可达84.1%,具有一定的工业应用价值。     

Excellent electro-oxidation of methanol and ethanol in alkaline media: Electrodeposition of the NiMoP metallic nano-particles on/in the ERGO layers/CE

Here, the Ni-based metallic nano-particles (Ni, NiMo and NiMoP) were electrodeposited on/in the surface of ERGO/CE substrate from a citrate-based electrolyte and their catalytic activities investigated towards methanol and ethanol electro-oxidation. The physicochemical characterizations of all prepared electrocatalysts were investigated by different electrochemical and non-electrochemical techniques. The electrocatalytic activities of the modified electrodes towards the electro-oxidation of methanol and ethanol were studied in 0.1 M NaOH solution by conventional electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. In the optimized electrodeposition conditions, the obtained electrochemical results indicate that the NiMoP/ERGO/CE displays dramatically improved electrocatalytic activity [J_pf (mA.cm⁻²) = 263.14 for methanol and J_pf (mA.cm⁻²) = 253.35 for ethanol], stability and poisoning tolerance towards the electro-oxidation of these fuels in alkaline solution. Finally, for comparison, the Ni (alone) and NiMo (binary) electrodeposited on/in the ERGO/CE (without P) and also studying the influence of the ERGO layers on the surface of CE, the NiMoP/CE (without ERGO) were prepared and applied as electrocatalysts.