乙醇中锆丝电爆炸法制备碳包覆ZrC纳米颗粒

采用在有机液体中进行金属丝电爆炸的方法制备了碳包覆纳米颗粒。以无水乙醇为介质,向高纯度锆丝中施加高压脉冲电流,金属丝在高密度电流的下迅速熔化、气化、膨胀并爆炸,伴随着高温、高压条件下碳的析出和反应、包覆过程,制备出纳米粉体颗粒,对电爆炸过程中的能量、电流、电压进行了测试和分析,通过XRD、TEM、HTEM等分析了产物特征。结果表明：产物为球状碳包覆结构的碳化锆纳米颗粒,粒径分布在10-150nm之间;在4kv、8kv、12kv电压下,产物平均粒径分别为24.9nm、41.1nm、43.9nm。最后,对碳包覆纳米ZrC颗粒的形成机理进行了初步的探讨。     

ZrO2纳米颗粒对Al-12.5%Si合金PEO陶瓷层性能的影响

采用外加ZrO₂纳米颗粒的电解液体系在Al-12.5%Si合金表面制备ZrO₂- Al₂O₃- SiO₂三相PEO陶瓷层。利用SEM和XRD对陶瓷层微观结构和物相进行分析,并对其隔热及热冲击性能进行测试。结果表明：ZrO₂纳米颗粒显著提高了膜层的致密度和结合性,并有效减弱了Si元素对PEO成膜的抑制作用,提高了成膜速率;三相PEO陶瓷层的主要物相为SiO₂及高温稳定相α-Al₂O₃和c-ZrO₂,其独特的微结构和成分致使ZrO₂纳米颗粒改性的陶瓷层具有良好的热防护性能和热冲击性能。     

PVP保护下纳米银颗粒的液相化学还原法制备及表征

以PVP为表面活性剂,甲酸铵为还原剂,采用液相还原法制备了纳米银颗粒。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和紫外-可见光吸收光谱(UV-Vis)对所制备样品进行表征。结果显示：当PVP与AgNO3的质量比为2.2：1,陈化时间24 h,得到立方块和六棱柱的银混合颗粒。     

超声技术在制备金属纳米粒子中的应用

随着纳米科技的发展,制备纳米材料的新方法层出不穷。本文从超声技术的基本原理和特点出发,介绍了近年来超声在制备金属纳米粒子中的应用和进展,表明了采用超声制备金属纳米粒子具有方便、快捷、高效等优点。     

掺Ni2+金红石型SnO2纳米粒子的制备及表征

采用化学共沉淀法制备掺Ni2+的SnO2纳米粉体。研究表明,不同pH下得到的样品均为四方相金红石型结构的SnO2,在pH=5时,Ni2+的利用率出现极大值99.97%;升高煅烧温度或延长煅烧时间,样品结晶程度都会随之增高,同时晶粒尺寸也呈现增大的趋势;所得样品呈球形,粒径约为60 nm。将掺Ni2+的SnO2粉体涂于白云母表面制成元件,测试粉体的电性能以及气敏性能,结果表明,在温度由30℃上升到150℃的过程中,元件电阻从33.1 kΩ近似线性地降低到4.8 kΩ;H2体积分数越大,元件对其敏感程度越高。     

Synthesis and characterization of laser-based direct metal deposited nano-particles reinforced surface coatings for industrial slurry erosion applications

A nano-based material system resistant to the impingement of solid and liquid particles on the solid surfaces was developed by the laser-based direct metal deposition (LBDMD) process. The nano-based materials system contains 5% tungsten carbide (WC) nano-particles that are agglomerated with nickel-tungsten carbide 60 (Ni-Tung 60) by ball mill operation for slurry erosion resistance applications. Slurry erosion tests are performed on the LBDMD processed depositions using the ceramic proppant at different impingement angles using the abrasive water jet erosion testing machine. From these tests the amount of material removed, depth of penetration, and profile of the formed crater are computed as a function of the abrasive water jet impingement angles. The nano-based materials system exhibited better performance for slurry erosion resistance than the monolithic Ni-Tung 60 depositions and 4140 steels. In order to understand the role of the WC nano-particles influence on slurry erosion resistance and to understand the characteristic features of erosion surfaces, sub-surfaces, and the erosion mechanism, different advanced characterization tools are used.     

纳米粒子聚集过程的计算机模拟

纳米粒子聚集形成的聚集体在结构上往往具有分形特性 ,描述聚集过程的计算机模型可分为粒子聚集模型和团簇聚集模型 ,前者适用于粒子在电极上的沉积过程 ,后者在普通的气相法和液相法的纳米粒子制备领域中有更高的普适性。根据不同过程中的关键因素 ,发展了扩散控制、反应控制、静电屏蔽、结构重排等模型     

The effect of elastomeric nano-particles on the mechanical properties and crystallization behavior of polypropylene

Generally, toughness of polypropylene (PP) is an issue which has been investigated for many years to search for improvements. A traditional approach is to blend with rubber particles to enhance the toughness of PP yet modulus of PP decreases accordingly. Recently, we have achieved a good balance of toughness and stiffness of PP via blending PP with a small amount of elastomeric nano-particles (ENP). Based on our measurements, mechanical properties of the blends studied both the toughness of PP at room temperature and at −20 °C show substantial increase. On the other hand, the stiffness of the PP blends retains or even possesses a slight enhancement. One of the reasons for this improvement is due to the fact that the ENP is not only a toughening modifier but also a nucleation agent for the PP. The nucleation density of the blends increases, while the crystallization kinetics of the blends becomes faster compared with the pure PP samples.     

单分散、小粒径纳米ZnO的制备及其表面包覆

以ZnSO4·7H2O和NaOH为原料,采用微乳法制备了单分散、小粒径ZnO纳米颗粒,并用Na2SiO3水解生成的SiO2对其进行表面包覆改性.用IR(红外光谱)、XRD(X射线衍射)、UV-vis(紫外可见光谱)等表征手段对制得的颗粒进行了袁征.结果表明:ZnO表面存在Si-O-Zn键,显示了SiO2的很好的包覆.室...     

高分子聚合物包覆无机纳米粒子的研究进展

简单介绍了非液滴内成核法、液滴内成核法包覆无机纳米粒子的原理,重点讨论了乳液聚合法、无皂乳液聚合法、分散聚合法、悬浮聚合法、细乳液聚合法包覆无机纳米粒子的优缺点。针对包覆过程中产生的独立聚合物粒子、独立无机粒子,提出采用引发剂吸附在无机颗粒表面、采用反应性乳化剂和偶联剂处理无机粒子并控制单体用量;针对包覆多个无机粒子,提出采用聚合前超声空化技术。