熔盐法制备碳化矾涂层纳米纤维

以纳米碳管为碳源、模板和金属钒粉末为原料,在KCl-LiCl熔盐体系中于650~850℃条件下成功地合成碳化钒涂层纳米纤维,并通过XRD和SEM对反应得到的碳化钒涂层纳米纤维的结构与形貌进行了表征。结果表明,反应温度、反应时间和碳钒摩尔比对碳化钒晶体的生长和产物的物相组成有着重要影响。     

TiO2/NiO复合纳米纤维制备及光催化性能研究

通过溶胶一凝胶过程,采用静电纺丝技术,以聚乙烯吡略烷酮(PVP,Mn=900 000)和钛酸正丁酯为前驱物,制备了PVP/Ti(OPr)./Ni(CH3COO)2复合一维纳米纤维材料.经控温缓慢氧化分解,在600℃的条件下成功制备了直径50～100 nmTiO2/NiO纳米纤维.采用扫描电镜、红外光谱、X射线粉末衍射、拉曼等分析手段对样品进行了表征,系统地介绍了TiO2光催化作用机理并在紫外灯下使用样品对罗丹明B溶液进行降解实验.结果显示,0.5%TiO2/NiO复合纳米纤维具有良好的光催化活性.     

Experimental study of mechanical and electrical properties of carbon nanofiber/epoxy composites

Epoxy nanocomposites of different content of carbon nanofibers up to 1 wt.% have been fabricated under room temperature and refrigerated curing conditions. The composites were studied in terms of mechanical and electrical properties. Flexural modulus and hardness were found to increase significantly in refrigerated samples due to prevention of aggregates of nanofibers during cure condition. Increase and shifting in G-band by Raman spectra of these samples confirmed stress transfer and reinforcement between epoxy matrix and carbon nanofiber. Electrical conductivity improved by 3–6 orders after infusing carbon nanofibers in insulating epoxy. Room temperature samples acquired higher conductivity that was attributed to network formation by aggregates of nanofibers along the fiber alignment direction as revealed by electron microscopic studies.     

纳米碳纤维导电剂改善锂离子电池性能的研究

电镜扫描分析结果表明用粒状导电炭黑作为导电剂在正电极中不能形成很好的导电网络造成导电性差、内阻高和电极极化;而采用具有线性结构的导电剂纳米碳纤维在电极中易形成良好的导电网络,表现出较好的导电性,因而减轻电极极化,降低电池内阻及改善电池性能。介绍了用上述两种导电剂的实验电池的电化学性能,测试结果表明,对于尺寸为5mm×20mmmm×25mm的软包装锂离子电池,纳米碳纤维作导电剂的电池的性能明显优于导电炭黑作导电剂的电池。     

PVDF/SiO_2复合纤维膜的制备及电化学性能

采用静电纺丝法制备了SiO2含量分别为2%、5%和8%的PVDF/SiO2复合纤维膜,对复合纤维膜的物理性能、电化学性能以及组装电池性能等进行了测试分析。结果表明:纳米SiO2含量对静电纺PVDF基膜的纤维直径和形貌影响很大,随着SiO2含量的增加,静电纺PVDF/SiO2复合纤维膜的纤维直径变细且分布变宽,纤维表面的均匀性降低;其力学性能、电解液吸液率以及离子电导率均先增加后降低。以含量为5%的SiO2静电纺PVDF/SiO2复合纤维膜为隔膜组装的电池首周充放电容量最高,约为158 m Ah/g;经过50周充放电循环后,电池的容量保持率最高为91%。     

Molybdenum carbide embedded in carbon nanofiber as a 3D flexible anode with superior stability and high-rate performance for Li-ion batteries

The fabrication process and material design of flexible lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are essential in flexible portable devices. In particular, the carbon nanofiber (CNF)-based active anodes with flexibility synthesized using an electrospinning technique showed fairly stable cycling performance in the LIBs. In this study, we synthesized the molybdenum carbide (MoC) embedded in CNFs as an anode for LIBs (MoC/CNF) using an electrospinning technique with amorphous Mo precursor and polyacrylonitrile as the molybdenum and carbon sources, respectively, and using a heating process under an N₂ atmosphere. The as-prepared flexible MoC/CNF showed a 3D porous structure consisting of crystalline MoC and amorphous CNF. MoC/CNF, directly utilized as an active electrode without binder, conductor, or current collector, exhibited superior LIB performance, i.e. high capacity, cyclability, and high-rate properties. In particular, at a considerably high charge/discharge rate of 10?A?g^?1, the specific capacity of MoC/CNF (109?mAh?g^?1) was significantly higher than that of pure CNF electrode (3?mAh?g^?1).     

TiO_2纳米纤维的制备及其性能研究进展

静电纺丝法是生产纳米纤维的有效方法。用静电纺丝制备的纳米Ti O2纤维成本低、产率高、适用性广,在很多领域具有潜在的应用价值。综述了结合静电纺丝方法的纳米Ti O2的制备方法及应用研究进展,并展望了其应用前景。     

Poly dimethylsiloxane/carbon nanofiber nanocomposites: fabrication and characterization of electrical and thermal properties

This article presents the fabrication and characterization of poly dimethylsiloxane/carbon nanofiber (CNF)-based nanocomposites. Although silica and carbon nanoparticles have been traditionally used to reinforce mechanical properties in PDMS matrix nanocomposites, this article focuses on understanding their impacts on electrical and thermal properties. By adjusting both the silica and CNF concentrations, 12 different nanocomposite formulations were studied, and the thermal and electrical properties of these materials were experimentally characterized. The developed nanocomposites were prepared using a solvent-assisted method providing uniform dispersion of the CNFs in the polymer matrix. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to determine the dispersion of the CNFs at different length scales. The thermal properties, such as thermal stability and thermal diffusivity, of the developed nanocomposites were studied using thermogravimetirc and laser flash techniques. Furthermore, the electrical volume conductivity of each type of nanocomposite was tested using the four-probe method to eliminate the effects of contact electrical resistance during measurement. Experimental results showed that both CNFs and silica were able to impact on the overall properties of the synthesized PDMS/CNF nanocomposites. The developed nanocomposites have the potential to be applied to the development of new load sensors in the future.     

负载银纳米立方体的醋酸纤维素纳米纤维及其SERS活性

报道了一种采用同轴静电纺丝法制备的表面增强Raman散射(SERS)活性衬底,用于微量环境污染物的快速检测.采用醋酸纤维素(CA)/丙酮-二甲基乙酰胺溶液作为前驱液分散银纳米立方体,利用丙酮促进银颗粒适度团聚,采用同轴静电纺丝法制备了大面积银立方体/CA纳米纤维.由于团聚态银纳米立方体之间的等离子体耦合作用,复合薄膜具...     

High-Performance All-Solid-State Supercapacitor Electrode Materials Using Freestanding Electrospun Carbon Nanofiber Mats of Polyacrylonitrile and Novolac Blends

Herein, this paper reports a facile method to prepare electrospun carbon nanofiber mats (ECNFMs) with high specific surface area and interconnected structure using polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as a precursor and novolac resin (NOC) as a polymer sacrificial pore-making agent. Without additional treatment, the prepared ECNFMs have a highly porous structure because NOC decomposes in a wider temperature range than most polymer activators. The NOC content in the PAN nanofibers shows important effects on porosity. The BET specific surface area of ECNFMs reaches a maximum of 1468 m² g⁻¹ when the precursor nanofibers contained 30 wt% NOC (ECNFM-3) after carbonization at 1000 °C. The supercapacitor device from ECNFM-3 electrode and all-solid-state electrolyte shows excellent cycling durability and high specific capacitance: ≈99.72% capacitance retention after 10 000 charge/discharge cycles and ≈320 mF cm⁻² at 0.25 mA cm⁻². Furthermore, it shows a large energy density of ≈11.1 $\mu$Wh cm⁻² under the power density of 500 mW m⁻². Activation of carbon nanofibers simply by the addition of NOC into precursor nanofibers can offer a handy way to prepare ECNFMs for high-performance all-solid-state supercapacitors and other potential applications.