4A沸石填充聚氨酯杂化膜的制备及气体分离性能

两步法制备了4A沸石填充的端羟基聚丁二烯基聚氨酯膜HTPB-PU/4A,并研究了CO2、H2、O2、N2的气体透过性能.结果表明:沸石与膜的相容性较好,添加4A沸石后,膜的热稳定性明显提高,O2渗透性及O2/N2选择性显著改善;随沸石添加时间的增加,膜对各种气体体系的选择性先增加后减小,而渗透性则先增加后趋于稳定;随硬...     

CuO‐filled aminomethylated polysulfone hybrid membranes for deep desulfurization

CuO‐filled aminomethylated polysulfone hybrid membranes were prepared for sulfur removal from gasoline. The as‐prepared membranes were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The separation performance of the hybrid membranes was evaluated by pervaporation (PV) separation of n‐heptane/thiophene binary mixture. CuO‐filling leads to a decrease in permeation flux. The sulfur‐enrichment factor increased first and then decreased with increasing CuO loading, and it is worth noting that there is a rebound in enrichment factor above 8 wt % CuO loading. Influencing factors such as nitrogen content, feed temperature, sulfur content, and various hydrocarbons on membrane PV performance were also evaluated. Permeation flux of 23.9 kg·μm·m^?2·h^?1 and sulfur‐enrichment factor of 3.9 can be achieved at 4 wt % CuO loading in PV of n‐heptane/thiophene binary mixture with 1500 μg·g^?1 sulfur content. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3718–3725, 2013     

羧甲基纤维素钠复合纳滤膜的制备与性能表征

以羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)为活性层铸膜液,聚砜(PSF)超滤膜为基膜,戊二醛(GA)水溶液为交联剂,采用涂敷和交联的方法制得一种新型荷负电复合纳滤(NF)膜。测定了复合膜的截留相对分子质量,并对其表面形貌进行了表征。在铸膜液中添加质量分数为3.5%的不同种类有机小分子,研究了其对复合膜截留性能的影响。CMC/PSF复合膜对几种无机盐的截留顺序为:Na2SO4>NaCl>MgSO4>MgCl2。     

无机杂化倍半硅氧烷／磺化杂萘联苯聚醚酮质子导电复合膜

通过磺化反应制备了一系列不同磺化程度的磺化杂萘联苯聚醚酮（SPPEK）,采用共混法将无机杂化倍半硅氧烷（POSS）掺杂到IEC值为1．60的SPPEK中,通过溶液浇铸制得复合膜。对SPPEK／POSS复合膜进行了FTIR、TGA分析和SEM表观形貌观察。研究了SPPEK／POSS复合膜的吸水性、溶胀度和质子导电性,并与Nation 117进行对比。随着POSS的加入,复合膜的吸水性、溶胀度和氧化稳定性提高。SPPEK／POSS复合膜的室温电导率达到0．75×10^-2S·cm^-1,接近Nafion 117膜相同条件下的电导率（1．08×10^-2S·cm^-1）。随着温度升高,SPPEK／POSS复合膜的电导率逐渐增大。采用不同测试方法分别对复合膜的膜平面方向和厚度方向上的电导率进行了测试,表明在两个方向上的电导率相差较大,SPPEK／POSS复合膜室温下膜平面方向上的电导率达到2．1×10^-2S·cm^-1。     

Multilayer composite surfaces prepared by an electrostatic self‐assembly technique with quaternary ammonium salt and poly(acrylic acid) on poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐acrylic acid) membranes

An electrostatic self‐assembly technique was applied to prepare ion complex polymer layers on polyacrylonitrile with acrylic acid segments {poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐acrylic acid) [P(AN‐co‐AA)]}. For the ionic complex layers, quaternary ammonium salts, such as cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC) and tetramethyl ammonium chloride (TMAC), were used as cationic species, and also, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was used as an anionic species. These cationic and anionic species were self‐assembled alternately on the surface of the P(AN‐co‐AA) membrane. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, AFM, and water contact angle measurements of the membrane surface were used to confirm the formation of the multilayer composites on the P(AN‐co‐AA). The permeabilities of water and macromolecules of different molecular weights were evaluated by a membrane filtration technique. The values of permeability strongly depended on the formation layer by layer of these ion composites on the base P(AN‐co‐AA). Through the measurement of the values of the contact angle of water, it was clear that surface nature of the base membrane treated by CTAC or TMAC and PAA dramatically changed. We concluded that such an electrostatic self‐assembly technique is useful for the preparation of multicomposite layers to modify the surface of base P(AN‐co‐AA) membranes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

基于二苯并-18-冠-6基体改性的K+选择性离子交换膜的制备及性能研究

基于18-冠-6醚环腔体可与K⁺形成1∶1型稳定的络合物,通过掺杂的方式将4,4'-二氨基-二苯并-18-冠-6（A18C6）引入离子交换膜基材料中并成膜,然后利用1,3,5-苯三甲酰氯（TMC）对A18C6分子进行交联固定,制得一系列改性阳离子交换膜。通过改变A18C6的含量和TMC的反应时间来调控阳离子交换膜的基体结构,系统考察了改性膜在K⁺/Mg²⁺、K⁺/Na⁺ 和K⁺/Li⁺的二元体系中对K⁺的电渗析选择性。研究结果表明,在电流密度为5.0 mA·cm^-2的条件下,最优膜M-A18C6-10%-T30在K⁺/Mg²⁺和K⁺/Li⁺体系中对K⁺的选择性（P_{\mathrm{M}{\mathrm{g}}^{\mathrm{2}+}}^{{\mathrm{K}}^{+}}=\mathrm{6.96},P_{\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{i}}^{+}}^{{\mathrm{K}}^{+}}=\mathrm{3.73}）高于商业的单价选择性阳离子交换膜CIMS（P_{\mathrm{M}{\mathrm{g}}^{\mathrm{2}+}}^{{\mathrm{K}}^{+}}=\mathrm{5.36}）。A18C6的掺杂引入不仅提高了膜基体的致密性（孔径筛分效应）,也为K⁺在膜基体中的传输提供了新的离子传输通道（离子-偶极作用）。     

钢桥面铺装防水粘结材料性能评价方法与力学作用分析

总结了防水粘结材料在钢桥面铺装中的作用,阐述了钢桥面铺装防水粘结材料常用的试验方法,介绍了钢桥面铺装防水材料的力学作用,为钢桥面铺装结构和材料的设计与施工提供了技术指导。     

一种新型阳膜输运离子的特性研究

采用共混法制备了SiO2/PVDWGMA(纳米SiO2颗粒改性聚偏氟乙烯)阳离子交换膜,以改善膜在高浓度电解质溶液中对离子的选择透过性,提高膜的抗污染能力.结果表明,当SiO2含量为0.28%时,膜的含水率为26.2%,与未添加SiO2的相比增加了62%,离子交换容量相应增加了60%,表明膜的亲水性得到了提高.膜的电导率和反向离子在膜内的扩散系数与膜对离子的选择透过性系数,随膜矩阵中硅含量的增加而增大.当SiO2含量为0.28%、外液离子浓度为0.055 mol/L时,Na+、Ca2+和Mg2+的迁移数为0.985、0.942、0.928;离子浓度降低时,膜对离子的选择透过性反而增强.该膜对高浓度电解质溶液中相对离子的选择性较高,具有良好的电导率,可用于海水淡化和特殊废水的处理.     

多孔阳极氧化铝膜EIS阻抗谱研究

为进一步研究多孔氧化铝膜的结构和性能,采用电化学综合分析仪测量并分析不同工艺条件下所制备的阳极氧化铝膜的电化学交流阻抗EIS图谱,建立了不同工艺条件下制备的阳极氧化铝膜的等效电路模型.结果表明:在草酸、磷酸电解液中形成的阳极氧化铝膜是多孔双层膜.在硫酸电解液中形成的直流阳极氧化铝膜的等效电路中无多孔层信息.采用直流、交流和脉冲不同电源方式,在不同电解液中制备的氧化铝膜的EIS阻抗谱各不相同,所模拟的等效电路也有所不同.     

Phosphatidylcholine Enhances Homeostasis in Peach Seedling Cell Membrane and Increases Its Salt Stress Tolerance by Phosphatidic Acid

Salt stress is a major adverse abiotic factor seriously affecting fruit tree growth and development. It ultimately lowers fruit quality and reduces yield. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is an important cell membrane component that is critical for cell structure and membrane stability maintenance. In this study, we found that the addition of external PC sources significantly increased the tolerance of one-year-old peach trees, Prunus persica (L.) Batsch., to salt stress and attenuated their damage. The effect of exogenous application of 200 mg/L PC exerted the most significant positive effect. Its use caused seedling leaf stomatal opening, contributing to normal gas exchange. Moreover, beneficial effects were exerted also to the root system, which grew normally under salt stress. Meanwhile, phospholipase D activity in the cell was promoted. The production of phosphatidic acid (PA) was enhanced by increased decomposition of phospholipids; PA serves as a secondary messenger involved in plant biological process regulation and the reduction in the reactive oxygen species- and peroxide-induced damage caused by salt stress. The possible mechanism of action is via promoted plant osmotic regulation and tolerance to salt stress, reducing salt stress-induced injury to plants.